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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Mar 30.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Brain Res. 2005 May 24;165(1):69–83. doi: 10.1007/s00221-005-2282-1

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

VV manipulation. a Normal forces of the thumb and VF (N) versus the handle acceleration in the vertical direction. A representative trial, weight (W) 8.8 N, frequency 1.5 Hz, representative subject. With the acceleration from approximately −0.5 to 0.5 g the tangential force L (load) varied from approximately 4.4 to 13.2 N (L=W+ma). The range of the internal force fluctuations was approximately 4.0 N, from 4.0 N to 8.0 N. b The VF normal force– acceleration phase angles (circular histogram). The phase angles cluster around 0°. c The VF normal force–thumb normal force phase angles (circular histogram). In this and other following circular diagrams if not stated otherwise, n=90 (six subjects × five loads × three frequencies). The designations are the same as in Fig. 2