Table 3.
Care utilization of those with chronic back and neck pain in the previous year
| Variables | White (95% C.I.) |
Black (95% C.I.) |
Latino (95% C.I.) |
White- Black Difference (p-value) |
White- Latino Difference (p-value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Care from a provider in the past year (%) |
83.2 (79.7 – 86.7) |
83.7 (78.0 – 89.4) |
71.6 (54.8 – 88.4) |
0.99 | 0.11 |
| Surgery in past year (%) | 8.0 (5.4 – 10.5) |
5.3 (2.1 – 8.5) | 1.6 (−1.6 – 4.8) |
0.31 | 0.12 |
| Total outpatient visits in past year (mean) |
16.9 (14.3 – 19.5) |
18.1 (13.4 – 22.9) |
13.5 (4.6 – 22.4) |
0.75 | 0.42 |
| Spine clinic visit (%) | 16.1 (12.7 – 19.5) |
9.8 (5.3 – 14.3) | 12.8 (0.4 – 25.2) |
0.05 | 0.65 |
| Mean Visits | 4.4 (3.6 – 5.3) |
5.2 (2.4 – 8.0) | 6.5 (3.7 – 9.3) |
0.62 | 0.27 |
| Orthopedic/neurosurgeon Visit(%) |
34.8 (30.5 – 39.2) |
42.0 (34.2 – 49.9) |
23.7 (7.8 – 39.7) |
0.19 | 0.29 |
| Mean Visits | 5.1 (4.0 – 6.2) |
5.3 (4.1 – 6.6) | 6.9 (1.0 – 12.7) |
0.58 | 0.40 |
| Primary care visit (%) | 61.4 (56.9 – 65.9) |
69.7 (62.4 – 77.0) |
50.1 (32.2 – 69.0) |
0.10 | 0.22 |
| Mean Visits | 4.4 (3.9 – 4.9) |
6.9 (4.8 – 9.1) | 5.4 (2.7 – 8.1) |
0.04 | 0.58 |
| Anesthesiologist Visit (%) | 13.0 (9.9 – 16.1) |
14.5 (8.9 – 20.1) |
2.5 (−2.3 – 7.4) |
0.67 | 0.09 |
| Mean Visits | 4.2 (3.2 – 5.3) |
3.8 (2.2 – 5.4) | * | 0.77 | * |
| Chiropractor Visit (%) | 23.6 (19.6 – 27.5) |
21.7 (14.9 – 28.6) |
33.9 (16.2 – 51.6) |
0.64 | 0.23 |
| Mean Visits | 18.8 (14.7 – 22.9) |
21.3 (12.6 – 29.9) |
17.2 (1.2 – 33.2) |
0.64 | 0.83 |
| Physical Therapist Visit (%) |
25.3 (21.4 – 29.2) |
31.3 (23.9 – 38.6) |
10.1 (0–20.3) | 0.15 | 0.06 |
| Mean Visits | 16.0 (12.2 – 19.8) | 11.5 (7.9 – 15.1) | 9.2 (2.5 – 15.8) | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Massage Therapist &/or Acupuncturist Visit (%) |
6.7 (4.4 – 9.0) | 3.7 (0.9 – 6.4) | 2.4 (−2.4 – 7.4) | 0.12 | 0.34 |
| Mean Visits | 12.9 (6.6 – 19.2) |
5.7 (1.8 – 9.7) | * | 0.08 | * |
| Received Radiographs (%) | 37.6 (33.1 – 42.0) |
42.8 (34.8 – 50.7) |
31.1 (14.2 – 48.0) |
0.26 | 0.49 |
| Received CT (%) | 15.7 (12.3 – 19.2) |
16.1 (10.3 – 21.8) |
10.2 (−3.0 – 23.4) |
0.93 | 0.46 |
| Received MRI (%) | 27.9 (23.7 – 32.0) |
26.7 (19.7 – 33.6) |
21.2 (5.6 – 36.8) |
0.80 | 0.45 |
| Received injection (%) | 19.5 (15.9 – 23.1) |
16.7 (10.7 – 22.6) |
10.9 (−1.1 – 22.8) |
0.27 | 0.23 |
| Mean injections | 2.7 (2.4 – 3.0) |
3.3 (2.1 – 4.5) | 1.9 (0.7 – 3.1) |
0.70 | 0.15 |
| Received TENS (%) | 16.7 (13.2 – 20.3) |
17.3 (11.0 – 23.5) |
10.8 (−1.1 – 22.7) | 0.85 | 0.44 |
| Received Ultrasound (%) | 13.9 (10.7 – 17.0) |
20.7 (13.8 – 27.5) |
2.5 (−2.4 – 7.4) |
0.09 | 0.07 |
| Mean treatments | 9.0 (5.2 – 12.8) |
4.1 (3.0 – 5.2) | * | 0.008 | * |
| Received Spinal manipulation (%) |
22.4 (18.5 – 26.5) |
15.3 (9.4 – 21.1) |
* | 0.09 | * |
| Mean treatments | 17.3 (13.2 – 21.3) |
25.0 (7.6 – 42.4) |
* | 0.38 | * |
| Electrostimulation therapy | 17.3 (13.9 – 20.7) |
26.9 (19.4 – 34.3) |
10.4 (0.2 – 20.6) |
0.02 | 0.29 |
| Received exercise instruction from MD, PT, or DC |
48.0 (43.0 – 53.0) |
48.0 (39.0 – 57.0) |
63.6 (40.8 – 86.3) |
0.87 | 0.14 |
| Mean treatments | 17.2 (9.9 – 24.5) |
8.7 (5.8 – 11.6) | 8.8 (0.5 – 17.1) |
0.004 | 0.03 |
*
unable to estimate due to small cell sizes