Table 1.
Studies analyzing RNA from postmortem brain tissue
| Study | Disorder | Source of samples | Brain region | RNA analysis | Perturbed pathway |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sibille et al. [27]••] | Major depression | Allegheny County Medical Examiner’s Office (Pittsburgh, PA) | Amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex | Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Arraya > 50,000 probesets | Oligodendrocyte structure and function |
| Sequeira et al. [29] | Major depression and suicide | Quebec Suicide Brain Bank | 17 cortical and subcortical brain regions | Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Arraya > 45,000 probesets | Synaptic neurotransmission and intracellular signalling |
| Klempan et al. [46] | Major depression and suicide | Quebec Suicide Brain Bank | Prefrontal cortex (areas 44, 45, 46, and 47) | Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Arraya > 45,000 probesets | ATP biosynthesis and GABAergic neurotransmission |
| Tochigi et al. [30] | Major depression | Stanley Foundation Brain Collection | Prefrontal cortex (area 10) | Affymetrix HGU95A microarraysa > 12,000 probesets | FGFR1, NCAM1, and CAMK2A; inhibition of cell proliferation |
| Wang et al. [33] | Major depression | Netherlands Brain Bank | Hypothalamus and supraoptic nucleus | qPCR candidate genes | Upregulation of HPA axis–activating genes and downregulation of HPA axis–inhibiting genes |
| Kang et al. [28] | Major depression | County coroner’s office in Cleveland, OH | Prefrontal cortex (area 9) | Agilent Human 1A Oligo Microarrayb > 20,000 probesets | Stresscopin and forkhead box D3 |
| Sequeira et al. [26] | Major depression and suicide | Quebec Suicide Brain Bank | Hippocampus and amygdala, anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus (areas 24 and 29) | Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Arraya > 45,000 probesets | GABAergic neurotransmission |
| Sequeira et al. [47] | Major depression and suicide | Quebec Suicide Brain Bank | Orbital cortex, prefrontal cortex, and motor cortex (areas 11, 8/9, and 4) | Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Arraya > 45,000 probesets | SSAT |
| Aston et al. [34] | Major depression | Stanley Foundation Brain Collection | Temporal cortex (area 21) | Affymetrix HGU95A microarrays > 12,000 probesets | Oligodendrocyte function |
| Choudary et al. [25] | Major depression | Brain Donor Program at the University of California, Irvine | Anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (areas 24, 9, and 46) | Affymetrix HGU95A microarraysa > 12,000 probesets | Glutamatergic and GABAergic signal transmission |
| Iwamoto et al. [48] | Bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and major depression | Stanley Foundation Brain Collection | Prefrontal cortex (area 10) | Affymetrix HGU95A microarraysa > 12,000 probesets | Genes of transcription and translation upregulated; LIM upregulated |
| Evans et al. [49] | Major depression | Brain Donor Program at the University of California, Irvine | Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (area 9) | Affymetrix HGU95A microarraysa > 12,000 probesets | Fibroblast growth factor system |
aSanta Clara, CA
bPalo Alto, CA
ATP adenosine triphosphate, GABA γ-aminobutyric acid, HPA hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, qPCR quantitative polymerase chain reaction