Table 3.
Measures of association (fixed effects i.e. odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for multivariable multilevel logistic regression models)
| Characteristics | Model 1 (Migration status) |
Model 2 (Demographic) |
Model 3 (Socio-economic) |
Model 4 (Health care utilization) |
Model 5 (Community) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| Migration status | |||||
| Rural-urban migrant | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Rural non-migrant | 2.36 (1.75 - 3.19)* | 2.03 (1.50 - 2.75)* | 1.43 (1.01 - 2.05)** | 0.62 (0.43 -0.89)** | 1.89 (1.23 - 2.90)* |
| Urban non-migrant | 1.67 (1.20 - 2.32)* | 1.54 (1.11 - 2.15)* | 1.20 (0.95 - 1.51) | 1.13 (0.77 - 1.66) | 1.35 (0.88 - 2.07) |
| Birth order/birth interval | |||||
| First birth (order 1) | 1.16 (0.80 - 1.69) | ||||
| Order 2-4 & <24 months | 1.13 (0.75 - 1.70) | ||||
| 2-4 & medium bi 24-47 months | 0.77 (0.47 - 1.26) | ||||
| Order 2 -4 & 48+ months | 1 | ||||
| Order 5+ & < 24 months | 0.59 (0.33 - 1.05) | ||||
| Order 5+ & 24- 47 months | 0.64 (0.41 - 0.97)* | ||||
| Order 5+ & 48+ months | 0.98 (0.57 - 1.67) | ||||
| Sex of child | |||||
| Female | 1.03 (0.82 - 1.30) | ||||
| Male | 1 | ||||
| Mother's age | |||||
| 15 - 18 | 0.50 (0.22 - 1.12) | ||||
| 19 - 23 | 0.81 (0.54 - 1.21) | ||||
| 24 - 28 | 1 | ||||
| 29 - 33 | 1.08 (0.75 - 1.55) | ||||
| ≥ 34 | 1.54 (1.03 - 2.30)* | ||||
| Mother's age at birth of first child | |||||
| 18 years or less | 0.74 (0.56 - 0.99)** | ||||
| 19+ | 1 | ||||
| Marital status | |||||
| Single | 1.29 (0.53 - 3.15) | ||||
| Divorced | 1 | ||||
| Married | 0.85 (0.49 - 1.47) | ||||
| Mothers' education | |||||
| No education | 0.72 (0.50 - 1.03) | ||||
| Primary | 0.97 (0.69 - 1.36) | ||||
| Secondary or higher | 1 | ||||
| Mothers' occupation | |||||
| Not working | 0.57 (0.34 - 0.94)* | ||||
| Agricultural self-employed/agric- ultural employee/household & domestic/unskilled manual occupations | 0.82 (0.45 - 1.48) | ||||
| Clerical/sales/services/skilled manual | 0.57 (0.35 - 0.93)* | ||||
| Professional/Technical/Management | 1 | ||||
| Wealth index | |||||
| Poorest | 0.45 (0.26 - 0.77) | ||||
| Poorer | 0.43 (0.26 - 0.70)* | ||||
| Middle | 0.62 (0.41 - 0.95)* | ||||
| Richer | 0.54 (0.37 - 0.78)* | ||||
| Richest | 1 | ||||
| Received tetanus toxoid injection during pregnancy | |||||
| No | 0.49 (0.33 - 0.71)* | ||||
| Yes | 1 | ||||
| Place of delivery | |||||
| Home | 0.67 (0.48 - 0.93)** | ||||
| Hospital facility | 1 | ||||
| Received prenatal care by doctor | |||||
| No | 0.82 (0.59 - 1.13) | ||||
| Yes | 1 | ||||
| Region of residence | |||||
| North Central | 1.11 (0.67 - 1.85) | ||||
| North East | 0.57 (0.30 - 1.11) | ||||
| North West | 0.51 (0.25 - 1.01) | ||||
| South East | 0.61 (0.32 - 1.14) | ||||
| South South | 0.48 (0.26 - 0.92) | ||||
| South West | 1 | ||||
| Community prenatal care by doctor | |||||
| Low | 1.37 (0.79 - 2.39) | ||||
| High | 1 | ||||
| Community hospital delivery | |||||
| Low | 0.48 (0.28 - 0.82)* | ||||
| Middle | 1 | ||||
| High | 1.43 (0.88 - 2.33) | ||||
| Community mothers' education | |||||
| Low | 0.76 (0.51 - 1.12) | ||||
| Middle | 1 | ||||
| High | 0.89 (0.60 - 1.32) | ||||