Table 2.
Characteristics and positivity rate of other HBV serological markers in HBsAg-negative HIV-seropositive patients in whom the occult HBV infection rate was investigated.
| n | Anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc pos (%) | Anti-HBc pos (%) |
Anti-HBs pos (%) |
Only Anti-HBc pos (%) |
Only Anti-HBs pos (%) |
No HBV marker detected (%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 53 | 24 (45.3) | 19 (35.8) | 11 (20.7) | 13 (24.5) | 5 (9.4) | 29 (54.7) |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 41 | 19 (46.3) | 16 (39.0) | 8 (19.5) | 11 (26.8) | 3 (7.3) | 22 (53.6) |
| Female | 12 | 5 (41.7) | 3 (25) | 3 (25) | 2 (16.7) | 2 (16.7) | 7 (58.3) |
| Risk factorsa | |||||||
| Heterosexual | 46 | 20 (43.5) | 16 (34.8) | 8 (17.4) | 12 (26.1) | 4 (8.7) | 26 (56.6) |
| Transfusion | 3 | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | 0 | 1 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) |
| IVDU | 2 | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | 0 | 0 |
| CD4 cell counts | |||||||
| ≤ 200 | 35 | 15 (42.8) | 12 (34.3) | 4 (11.4) | 11 (31.4) | 3 (8.5) | 20 (57.1) |
| 201-499 | 12 | 7 (58.3) | 5 (41.7) | 6 (50) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (16.7) | 5 (41.6) |
| ≥ 500 | 6 | 2 (33.3) | 2 (33.3) | 1 (16.7) | 1 (16.7) | 0 | 4 (66.7) |
| ALT levels | |||||||
| Normal | 30 | 14 (46.6) | 11 (36.6) | 8 (26.6) | 6 (20) | 4 (13.3) | 16 (53.3) |
| Raisedb | 23 | 10 (43.4) | 8 (34.7) | 3 (13.0) | 7 (30.4) | 1 (4.3) | 13 (56.5) |
| Other co-infections | |||||||
| HCV posc | 5 | 4 (80) | 3 (60) | 2 (40) | 2 (40) | 1 (20) | 1 (20) |
| TB posd | 17 | 6 (35.3) | 5 (29.4) | 3 (17.6) | 3 (17.6) | 1 (5.9) | 11 (64.7) |
Note: n, total no. tested; HCV, hepatitis C virus; TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; IVDU, injection drug use. Determined by Fisher's exact test for proportions
a In 2 patients no risk factor could be ascertained.
b Defined as serum ALT levels >40 IU/L
c Determined by anti-HCV IgM antibodies
d Diagnosis of tuberculosis was based on clinical suspicion, chest X-ray findings and sputum mycobacteriology