TABLE I.

Retinal Bond Orientations, θ (°)

System	C5	C9	C13
Ground state 2H-NMRa	70 ± 3	128 ± 3	68 ± 2
Ground state simulationb,c	75 ± 11	129 ± 11	59 ± 14
Postisomerization simulationc,d	137 ± 15	80 ± 35	67 ± 15

^aNMR data from Salgado et al.²⁹ Note that the bond orientation θ was not distinguished from its supplement π − θ in the NMR measurements. Errors correspond to inverse curvature matrix of the χ² hypersurface utilized for the nonlinear regression fits.

^b40-ns Dark-adapted state simulation data from our previous work in Ref. 20.

^cErrors correspond to the standard deviation from the average values given.

^d150-ns Postphotoisomerization simulation data from this work.