Table 3.
Effect size analysis of studies examining the efficacy of mindfulness-based therapy on depressive symptoms in various disorders.
| Category | Study | Hedges'g | 95% Confidence Interval | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Targeted Disorder | ||||
| Anxiety Disorders | ||||
| GAD | Craigie et al., 2008 | 0.75 | 0.37 – 1.13 | <0.01 |
| Evans et al., 2008 | 0.56 | 0.10 – 1.02 | 0.02 | |
| GAD/Panic Disorder | Kabat-Zinn et al., 1992 | 0.81 | 0.44 – 1.18 | <0.01 |
| Kim et al., 2009 | 0.92 | 0.56 – 1.29 | <0.01 | |
| Lee et al., 2007 | 0.78 | 0.41 – 1.15 | <0.01 | |
| SAD | Koszycki et al., 2007 | 0.62 | 0.28 – 0.96 | <0.01 |
| Subtotal Anxiety Disorders | 0.75 | 0.58 – 0.91 | <0.01 | |
| Depression | Barnhofer et al., 2009 | 0.80 | 0.35 – 1.26 | <0.01 |
| Kingston et al., 2007 | 1.52 | 0.67 – 2.36 | <0.01 | |
| Kenny & Williams, 2007 | 1.05 | 0.77 – 1.32 | <0.01 | |
| Ramel et al., 2004 | 0.63 | 0.14 – 1.13 | 0.01 | |
| Subtotal Depression | 0.95 | 0.71 – 1.18 | <0.01 | |
| Pain Disorders | ||||
| Arthritis | Pradhan et al., 2007 | 0.48 | 0.18 – 0.78 | <0.01 |
| Chronic Pain | Rosenzweig et al., 2009 | 0.49 | 0.33 – 0.65 | <0.01 |
| Sagula & Rice, 2004 | 0.71 | 0.45 – 0.98 | <0.01 | |
| Fibromyalgia | Grossman, 2007 | 0.50 | 0.24 – 0.75 | <0.01 |
| Lush et al., 2009 | 0.47 | 0.16 – 0.79 | <0.01 | |
| Sephton, 2007 | 0.45 | 0.23 – 0.67 | <0.01 | |
| Subtotal Pain Disorders | 0.51 | 0.39 – 0.63 | <0.01 | |
| Cancer | ||||
| Breast Cancer | Dobkin et al., 2008 | 0.58 | 0.15 – 1.01 | 0.01 |
| Lengacher et al., 2009 | 0.66 | 0.40 – 0.92 | <0.01 | |
| Breast/ Prostate Cancer | Carlson et al., 2003 | 0.15 | −0.09 – 0.38 | 0.22 |
| Heterogeneous | Carlson & Garland, 2005 | 0.44 | 0.24 – 0.64 | <0.01 |
| Garland et al., 2007 | 0.45 | 0.24 – 0.65 | <0.01 | |
| Kieviet-Stijnen et al., 2008 | 0.30 | 0.07 – 0.52 | 0.01 | |
| Speca et al., 2000 | 0.67 | 0.44 – 0.90 | <0.01 | |
| Subtotal Cancer | 0.45 | 0.34 – 0.55 | <0.01 | |
| Medical Problems | ||||
| Chronic Fatigue | Surawy et al., 2005 (1) | 0.13 | −0.33 – 0.59 | 0.58 |
| Surawy et al., 2005 (2) | 0.25 | −0.19 – 0.70 | 0.26 | |
| Surawy et al., 2005 (3) | 0.80 | 0.26 – 1.35 | <0.01 | |
| Diabetes | Rosenzweig et al., 2007 | 0.79 | 0.30 – 1.29 | <0.01 |
| Heterogeneous | Reibel et al., 2001 | 0.48 | 0.32 – 0.63 | <0.01 |
| Hypothyroidism | Schulte, 2007 | 0.73 | 0.18 – 1.28 | 0.01 |
| Organ Transplant | Kreitzer et al., 2005 | 0.51 | 0.15 – 0.87 | 0.01 |
| Stroke | Moustgaard, 2005 | 1.01 | 0.63 – 1.40 | <0.01 |
| TBI | Bedard et al., 2003 | 0.73 | 0.22 – 1.23 | <0.01 |
| Subtotal Medical Problems | 0.58 | 0.47 – 0.70 | <0.01 | |
| Other | ||||
| ADHD | Zylowska et al., 2008 | 0.68 | 0.35 – 1.02 | <0.01 |
| Anxiety/ Mood | Ree & Craigie, 2007 | 0.62 | 0.28 – 0.95 | <0.01 |
| BED | Kristeller & Hallett, 1999 | 0.63 | 0.25 – 1.00 | <0.01 |
| Overall Total | 0.59 | 0.51 – 0.66 | <0.01 |
Note. The Table shows effect size estimates (Hedges’ g), the 95% confidence intervals, and the significance test of changes in depressive symptoms from before to after a mindfulness-based intervention in various psychiatric and medical disorders.
ADHD = Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; BED = Binge Eating Disorder; GAD = Generalized Anxiety Disorder; SAD = Social Anxiety Disorder; TBI = Traumatic Brain Injury.