Table 5.

Adjusted Associations of Predisposing, Enabling and Reinforcing Factors with Mammography Referrals in Hospital Outpatient General Medicine and Gynecology Clinics, National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2001–2003

	Hospital Outpatient Clinics
	Odds Ratioa	95% CI	p-Valueb
Predisposing Factors
Patient Age (yrs)			0.379
40–49	1.00	Reference
50–59	0.95	0.71–1.28
60–69	1.20	0.88–1.64
≥ 70	0.76	0.46–1.24
Patient Race			0.457
White only	1.00	Reference
Black only	1.18	0.85–1.66
Asian/Pacific Islander only	1.19	0.70–2.04
Patient Ethnicity			0.024
Hispanic	1.57	1.06–2.34
Not Hispanic	1.00	Reference
Educationc			0.427
Per 10% increase in high school graduates	1.08	0.89–1.31
Reason for visit			<0.001
Chronic problem	1.95	1.29–2.94
Acute problem	1.00	Reference
Preventive care	11.73	7.78–17.66
Enabling Factors
Incomec			0.162
Per $10,000 increase in median income	0.92	0.82–1.04
Expected source of payment			0.465
Medicare	0.83	0.47–1.46
Medicaid	0.70	0.46–1.08
Private	0.75	0.48–1.17
Other	0.64	0.31–1.30
Self/uninsured	1.00	Reference
# of visits to practiced			0.001
New patient	0.44	0.21–0.93
0	1.00	Reference
1–2	0.55	0.28–1.08
3–5	0.35	0.17–0.72
≥ 6	0.26	0.13–0.54
Reinforcing Factors
PCP status			0.014
PCP for that patient	1.71	1.11–2.61
Not PCP for that patient	1.00	Reference
Clinic type			0.002
General Medicine	1.00	Reference
Obstetrics and gynecology	2.06	1.31–3.22
MSAe			0.435
MSA	1.28	0.68–2.41
Non-MSA	1.00	Reference
Geographic region			0.007
Northeast	1.96	1.19–3.21
Midwest	2.19	1.33–3.63
South	1.21	0.64–2.28
West	1.00	Reference
Year			0.598
2001	1.00	Reference
2002	0.97	0.64–1.46
2003	0.80	0.51–1.25

^aAdjusted for factors in the table.

^bP-values presented in the modeling table are for simultaneously testing that all beta coefficients associated with a given variable are equal to 0. Statistical testing for all models was performed using the Wald chi-square test.

^cBased on zip code level data from the 2000 Census.

^dDoes not include index visit.

^eMSA = metropolitan statistical area.