Table 1.

Models for Stimulation of Collateral Growth

Model	Advantage	Disadvantage
Ameroid occluder  (16, 17, 34, 91)	1. Growth of large collaterals 2. Large body of literature 3. Low mortality 4. Simple surgical procedure	1. Variable rates of closure 2. Undefined time whengrowth is initiated
Repetitive occlusion  (23, 59, 63, 102)	1. Growth of large collaterals 2. Large body of literature 3. Low mortality 4. Known time when growth is initiated 5. Collateral growth is stimulated when surgical trauma and inflammation have subsided	1. Labor intensive 2. Occasional-to-frequent instrumentation failure
Surgical ligation/arterectomy  (1, 11, 12, 38, 41, 42, 92, 93)	1. Growth of large collaterals 2. Large body of literature 3. Low mortality (in organ systems other than heart) 4. Known time when growth is initiated 5. Simple surgical procedure	1. Collateral growth is stimulated when surgical trauma and inflammation are present
Distal embolization (14)	1. Low mortality 2. Known time when growth is initiated 3. Simple surgical procedure	1. Collateral growth is stimulated  when surgical trauma and inflammation are present 2. Collateral development is not robust 3. Small body of literature