Table 1. Proteins with knotted backbones.
protein family | pdb | chain start-stop | knot type | knotted core |
RNA methytransferase (α/β knot) | 1ns5 | 1–153 | 31 | 69–121 |
Carbonic anhydrase | 1lug | 2–260 | 31 | 31–257 |
SAM synthetase | 1fug | 1–383 | 31 | 33–260 |
Transcarbamylase fold | 1js1 | 1–324 | 31 | 169–267 |
Zinc-finger fold | 2k0a | −1–107 | 31 | 18–78 |
Ribbon-helix-helix superfamily | 2efv | 6–87 | 31 | 19–66 |
CII Ketol-acid reductoisomerase | 1yve | 83–595 | 41 | 321–533 |
Chromophore binding domain* | 1ztu | 5–325 | 41 * | 41–298 |
Ubiquitin Hydrolase | 2etl | 1–223 | 52 | 10–216 |
α -haloacid dehalogenase I | 3bjx | −14–296 | 61 | 71–268 |
For each fold an example pdb code is given. Chain start-stop refers to the first and the last amino acid, which are resolved in the structure. The knotted core is the minimum configuration which stays knotted after a series of deletions from either terminus as given by our web server [37]. This “knot size” is determined by an automated procedure [7],[37], and results should only be regarded as a guideline.
*: There are several missing (unresolved) amino acids in 1ztu – the complete structure will likely contain a figure-eight knot. Slipknots are not listed in this table, which (of course) also contain knots in their backbone.