A, B: IHC staining for HCV NS5A revealed rare positive HFH at day 4 and day 8 post-infection (arrows in A and B, respectively). Similarly stained mock-infected HFH cultures confirmed the specificity of the HCV NS5A IHC assay (B, inset). C, D: Mock- or HCV Jc1-infected HFH cells were co-engrafted with Bcl-2-HUVEC and a rCI/hFN matrix on the abdominal wall of SCID/bg mice (C and D, respectively). Representative gels harvested at 2 weeks post-engraftment are highlighted by black arrows. E, F: qRT-PCR analysis revealed the presence of HCV RNA in Jc1-infected HFH gels (E, middle column), but not in mock-infected gels (E, left column). Analysis of mRNA extracted from HCV Jc1-infected Huh-7.5-containing gel tissue was used as a positive control (E, right column). Increased levels of HCV Jc1 RNA were detected in gels containing additional HGF-HUVEC and mLBM, compared to the Bcl-2-HUVEC and rCI/hFN gel system (F, right versus left column, respectively). Data points represent individual gels.