Table 1.
Selected Characteristics of High vs. Low-Risk Sex among Injecting Drug Users in past 12 months
| Low-Risk Sex1 |
High-Risk Sex2 |
High-risk vs. Low-risk sex | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N° (%) | N° (%) | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence | |
| Variable | n = 144 | n = 72 | Interval | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age | ||||
| ≥ 28 years | 77 (53.5) | 31 (43.1) | 1.00 | |
| < 28 years | 67 (46.5) | 41 (56.9) | 1.52 | (0.86 – 2.69) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Never Married | 73 (50.7) | 45 (62.5) | 1.00 | |
| Ever Married | 71 (49.3) | 27 (37.5) | 0.62 | (0.35 – 1.10) |
| Education | ||||
| 0 – 5 Years | 27 (18.8) | 13 (18.1) | 1.00 | |
| 6 – 11 Years | 84 (58.3) | 43 (59.7) | 1.06 | (0.50 – 2.27) |
| ≥ 12 Years | 33 (22.9) | 15 (20.8) | 0.94 | (0.38 – 2.32) |
| Occupation status | ||||
| Fulltime/Self-employed | 88 (61.1) | 51 (70.8) | 1.00 | |
| Parttime/Unemployed | 55 (38.2) | 18 (25.0) | 0.56 | (0.30 – 1.06) |
| Injecting Behaviors | ||||
| Duration of Injection Drug Use | ||||
| < 4 years | 67 (46.5) | 41 (56.9) | 1.00 | |
| ≥ 4 years | 77 (53.5) | 31 (43.1) | 0.66 | (0.37 – 1.16) |
| Age first injected | ||||
| < 24 years | 70 (48.6) | 39 (54.2) | 1.00 | |
| ≥ 24 years | 74 (51.4) | 33 (45.8) | 0.80 | (0.45 – 1.41) |
| Frequency of Injecting in past 6 month |
||||
| < Everyday | 64 (44.4) | 41 (56.9) | 1.00 | |
| Everyday | 80 (55.6) | 31 (43.1) | 0.60 | (0.34 – 1.07) |
| Frequency of Daily Injection | ||||
| Once/Day | 78 (54.2) | 42 (58.3) | 1.00 | |
| > Once/Day | 66 (45.8) | 30 (41.7) | 0.84 | (0.48 – 1.50) |
| Frequency of Injecting with others | ||||
| ≤ 1/2 times injected | 118 (81.9) | 48 (66.7) | 1.00 | |
| > 1/2 times injected | 26 (18.1) | 24 (33.3) | 2.27 | (1.19 – 4.34) |
| Inject with anyone, last injection | ||||
| No | 93 (64.6) | 39 (54.2) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 51 (35.4) | 33 (45.8) | 1.54 | (0.87 – 2.74) |
| Injected self at Last Injection | ||||
| Yes | 122 (84.7) | 51 (70.8) | 1.00 | |
| No | 22 (15.3) | 21 (29.2) | 2.28 | (1.16 – 4.51) |
| Shared injection equipment3 in last 6 months |
||||
| No | 58 (40.3) | 19 (26.4) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 86 (59.7) | 53 (73.6) | 1.88 | (1.01 – 3.50) |
| Shared needles in last 6 months | ||||
| No | 131 (91.0) | 58 (80.6) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 13 (9.0) | 14 (19.4) | 2.43 | (1.08 – 5.50) |
| Ever injected any drug other than heroin |
||||
| No | 92 (63.9) | 54 (75.0) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 52 (36.1) | 18 (25.0) | 0.59 | (0.31 – 1.11) |
| Ever smoked Opium | ||||
| No | 88 (61.1) | 47 (65.3) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 56 ( 38.9) | 25 (35.7) | 0.84 | (0.46 – 1.51) |
| Ever overdosed | ||||
| No | 80 (55.6) | 38 (52.8) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 64 (44.4) | 34 (47.2) | 1.12 | (0.63 – 1.97) |
| Ever in Drug Treatment | ||||
| No | 67 (46.5) | 33 (45.8) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 77 (53.5) | 39 (54.2) | 1.03 | (0.58 – 1.81) |
| Knowledge of HIV risk | ||||
| Perceived Risk for HIV | ||||
| Yes | 50 (34.7) | 29 (40.3) | 1.00 | |
| No | 66 (45.8) | 29 (40.3) | 0.76 | (0.40 – 1.43) |
| Don’t Know | 26 (18.1) | 13 (18.1) | 0.86 | (0.38 – 1.93) |
| Ever Tested for HIV | ||||
| Yes | 61 (42.4) | 22 (30.6) | 1.00 | |
| No | 83 (57.6) | 50 (69.4) | 1.67 | (0.92 – 3.04) |
1
Low-risk sex was defined as reporting 1 sex partner or > 1 sex partner and always using condoms with all sex partners in the past 12 months
2
High-risk sex was defined as reporting > 1 partner and inconsistent or no condom use in the past 12 months
3
Injection equipment includes cookers, cotton, rinse water, or directly squirting drugs from someone else’s syringe into one’s own syringe