Table 1.
Results of risk of bias assessment per study according to items on checklist for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies20*
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bafandeh 2008† | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ? | ? | + | + |
Barwick 2004 | ? | + | ? | + | − | − | − | − | + | + | ? |
Bjerregaard 2007 | + | + | + | + | ? | − | − | − | ? | + | + |
Bellentani 1990 | + | + | + | + | − | + | − | ? | ? | + | ? |
Brewster 1994 | ? | + | + | + | − | + | + | ? | ? | + | − |
Castiglione 1987 | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | ? | ? | − | + |
Charalambopoulos 2000 | ? | ? | + | ? | + | + | + | ? | + | + | + |
Chohan 2005 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | − | + | + | + |
Debnath 2002 | ? | + | ? | + | ? | ? | ? | − | + | + | ? |
Eccersley 2003 | ? | + | + | − | − | + | − | ? | + | + | + |
Ellis 2005 | + | ? | + | + | + | − | − | ? | ? | − | + |
Falkson 1993 | ? | + | ? | + | + | − | − | ? | ? | + | + |
Farrands 1985 | ? | ? | + | ? | − | + | − | ? | ? | + | + |
Flashman 2004 | ? | + | ? | + | ? | ? | ? | − | ? | + | + |
Fijten 1995 | + | ? | ? | + | + | − | − | ? | ? | + | ? |
Goulston 1980 | ? | + | + | ? | − | ? | − | ? | ? | + | ? |
Jeanson 1994 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | + | + | ? | ? | + | + |
Kimmig 1989 | ? | + | + | ? | + | + | + | ? | ? | + | ? |
Leicester 1983 | ? | ? | + | ? | − | − | − | ? | ? | + | + |
Levi 2007 | ? | ? | + | ? | + | + | + | + | + | ? | ? |
Mahon 2002 | ? | + | + | ? | − | − | − | ? | ? | + | + |
Mant 1989 | + | + | + | + | − | + | − | ? | ? | − | ? |
Marderstein 2008† | + | ? | + | + | ? | + | + | ? | + | + | + |
Metcalf 1996† | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + |
Miyoshi 2000† | ? | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Niv 1995† | − | + | + | ? | + | + | + | − | + | + | + |
Norrelund 1996 | + | ? | + | + | + | − | − | ? | ? | + | − |
Panzuto 2003 | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | − | + | + | − |
Pepin 2002 | ? | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | ? | ? | − |
Pye 1989 | ? | ? | + | ? | − | + | − | ? | ? | + | ? |
Pye 1990 | + | ? | + | + | − | + | − | ? | ? | ? | + |
Robertson 2006 | ? | + | + | ? | + | ? | ? | − | ? | + | ? |
Selvachandran 2002 | + | + | + | + | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | + | + |
Shastri 2008† | ? | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Sieg 1998† | ? | + | + | + | ? | + | ? | + | + | + | + |
Sieg 1999† | ? | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Smith 2006 | ? | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | ? | ? | + |
Steine 1994† | ? | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Tan 2002† | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ? | + | + | ? |
Tate 1988 | ? | + | + | ? | + | + | + | ? | + | + | ? |
Tate 1989 | + | ? | + | ? | − | + | − | ? | ? | − | + |
Tate 1990 | ? | + | + | ? | − | + | + | + | ? | + | + |
Thomas 1992 | ? | + | + | ? | − | + | − | ? | ? | + | + |
Thompson 2007† | + | ? | + | + | + | + | − | ? | + | + | + |
Thompson 2008† | + | ? | + | + | + | + | − | ? | + | + | + |
Wauters 2000 | + | + | + | − | + | ? | − | ? | ? | ? | + |
Zarchy 1991 | ? | + | + | + | − | + | + | ? | ? | + | ? |
Total | 18 | 30 | 40 | 28 | 20 | 29 | 18 | 7 | 19 | 38 | 30 |
+=no bias; −=potential bias; ?=bias unclear.
*1=valid selection, representative patients, 2=blinded to reference standard, 3=index test not part of reference standard, 4=clinical data available as normal, 5=adequate reference test, 6=all/random selection received reference test, 7=all received same test, 8= blinded to index test, 9=target condition did not change between tests, 10=no withdrawal, 11=no missing/uninterpretable data (see appendix B on bmj.com for full details of scoring).
†Study received positive assessment on at least eight of 11 quality items.