Figure 4. Induction of apoptosis using combination therapy.
A–D, Tumors from animals sacrificed one day after initiation of therapy (EARLY (D29)) or after the cessation of therapy (LATE (D42)) were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded. A–C, Data from a minimum of 4 tumors from each group are normalized to the saline group and are representative of at least two independent assays on the same tumor tissue. A, TUNEL analysis was performed and analyzed using immunofluorescence. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001 vs. saline by one-way ANOVA. B, Cell proliferation was measured by immunofluorescence for PCNA. **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001 by one way ANOVA. C & D, The expression level of TNFα was determined by immunofluorescence. *p<0.05; ***, p<0.001 by one way ANOVA. D, Representative images of TNFα (green) immunofluorescence, scale bar, 50 µm.