Table 1.
Participants’ Baseline Characteristics According to Baseline Hypertension Status
| Baseline Characteristic | No Hypertension (n 5638) | Hypertension Not Taking Medication (n 5909) | Hypertension Taking Medicine (n 5190) | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ±SD | 71.1 ± 5.3 | 71.7 ±5.3 | 71.0 ±5.0 | .04 |
| Age, % | .31 | |||
| 65–74 | 75.4 | 72.3 | 77.4 | |
| 75–84 | 22.4 | 26.1 | 21.6 | |
| ≥85 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 1.1 | |
| Female, % | 52.0 | 52.4 | 60.0 | .13 |
| Education (any schooling) % | 35.6 | 41.4 | 38.4 | .07 |
| Marital status, % | .60 | |||
| Married | 64.1 | 63.9 | 61.1 | |
| Widowed | 34.5 | 35.2 | 36.8 | |
| Other | 1.4 | 0.9 | 2.1 | |
| Household composition, % | .49 | |||
| Live with spouse | 52.9 | 51.6 | 51.6 | |
| Live with children | 33.5 | 32.9 | 29.8 | |
| Live alone | 13.5 | 15.5 | 18.6 | |
| Consume alcohol, % | 44.3 | 45.0 | 38.4 | .24 |
| Drinks/week, mean ± SD | 10.6 ± 9.2 | 12.5 ±9.9 | 13.4 ±10.5 | .02 |
| Smoking, % | <.001 | |||
| Current smoker | 37.6 | 34.7 | 23.7 | |
| Ex-smoker | 10.2 | 11.8 | 21.6 | |
| Pack-years, × 1,000, mean ±SD | 8.0 ± 6.1 | 9.5 ±8.0 | 1.1 ±7.7 | .001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 21.0 ± 3.1 | 22.2 ±3.5 | 24.3 ±3.6 | <.001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg, mean ± SD | 123.3 ± 10.2 | 157.0 ±19.8 | 166.8 ±26.3 | <.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg, mean ±SD | 75.0 ± 7.7 | 87.8 ±11.5 | 92.0 ±14.3 | <.001 |
| Apolipoprotein E ε4 carrier, % | 16.6 | 16.6 | 17.9 | .90 |
| Self-reported history, % | ||||
| Cancer | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.5 | .82 |
| Parkinson’s disease | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.5 | .64 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.7 | 2.3 | 6.3 | .004 |
| Stroke | 0.9 | 2.2 | 12.1 | <.001 |
| Heart attack | 2.5 | 3.5 | 6.8 | .02 |
| Head injury | 6.0 | 5.5 | 6.3 | .84 |
| Fracture | 2.4 | 2.3 | 3.2 | .73 |
| Baseline cognitive score, mean ± SD | ||||
| Community Screening Instrument for Dementia | 25.4 ±3.3 | 25.5 ±3.5 | 26.2 ±3.1 | .01 |
| IU Story Recall | 5.3 ±2.8 | 5.4 ±2.9 | 6.2 ±3.3 | .001 |
| Animal Fluency Test | 12.8 ± 12.8 | 13.2 ±5.0 | 12.7 ±5.2 | .20 |
| CERAD Word List Learning | 13.0 ± 13.0 | 13.3 ±3.9 | 13.6 ±4.0 | .19 |
| CERAD Word List Recall | 4.7 ± 4.7 | 4.7 ±1.9 | 4.9 ±2.1 | .29 |
| IU Token Test | 15.9 ± 15.9 | 16.3 ±5.2 | 17.6 ±4.9 | .001 |
Hypertension was defined as the mean of two readings of systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg or according to self-report. SD =standard deviation; CERAD = Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease; IU = Indiana University.