Effect of anti-TDH polyclonal serum on the accumulation of fluid in ileal loops induced by purified TDH or V. parahaemolyticus. (A) Purified TDH was mixed with either PBS, anti-TDH serum, or preimmune serum, after which the mixture was injected into a ligated rabbit ileal loop. PBS alone was used as a negative control without TDH. (B) A suspension of wild-type V. parahaemolyticus was mixed with either PBS, anti-TDH serum, or preimmune serum, after which the mixture was injected into a ligated rabbit ileal loop. POR-1 (tdhAS deficient) was mixed with PBS, and 0.5% LB (LB broth containing 0.5% NaCl) was used as a noninfected control. Eighteen hours after infection, the FA ratio in each loop was determined. The error bars indicate the standard deviations for the results from triplicate experiments.