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Validation by real-time RT-PCR of DNA microarray results for IFN-β (A), IFN-λ1 (B), CXCL10 (C), and CCL5 (D). The assay was performed with the same total RNA used in the DNA microarray experiment. Expression levels of genes were normalized to mRNA levels of GAPDH. Each bar represents the mean (± the SD) of three independent replicates. *, Significant difference (P < 0.01); ND, no detection.
