Table 2.
Unadjusted population CKD prevalence by diabetes status and CKD definition, with estimation of GFR by the MDRD Study equation, NHANES 1999 through 2006
| Characteristic | Prevalence (95% CI) by Diabetes Status |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosed Diabetes | Undiagnosed Diabetes | Prediabetes | No Diabetes | |
| CKD defined by reduced kidney function (15 to 59 ml/min per 1.73 m2) or microalbuminuria | ||||
| ACR ≥30 | 39.6 (35.1 to 44.3) | 41.7 (34.5 to 49.2) | 17.7 (15.6 to 20.1) | 10.6 (9.4 to 11.9) |
| % with stage 1 | 10.4 (7.9 to 13.5) | 14.1 (8.8 to 22.0) | 2.7 (2.0 to 3.6) | 2.0 (1.5 to 2.6) |
| % with stage 2 | 13.4 (10.4 to 17.0) | 10.7 (7.4 to 15.0) | 4.7 (3.8 to 6.0) | 2.6 (2.2 to 3.2) |
| % with stage 3A | 10.0 (6.9 to 14.1) | 11.9 (8.3 to 16.8) | 7.4 (6.1 to 8.9) | 4.1 (3.4 to 5.0) |
| % with stage 3B | 4.1 (2.7 to 6.4) | 3.7 (1.9 to 6.9) | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.6) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.0) |
| % with stage 4 | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.3) | 1.3 (0.5 to 3.7) | 0.8 (0.1 to 0.5) | 0.2 (0.0 to 0.3) |
| estimated persistence of ACR ≥30a | 32.5 (26.5 to 38.8) | 32.3 (25.5 to 39.2) | 14.8 (12.9 to 16.8) | 8.0 (6.9 to 9.0) |
| gender-specific ACRb | 44.3 (39.3 to 49.4) | 48.7 (39.8 to 57.7) | 21.5 (19.9 to 23.7) | 12.9 (11.7 to 14.2) |
| CKD defined by reduced kidney function (15 to 59 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria alone | ||||
| ACR ≥30,or ACR >300 | 11.1 (8.4 to 14.6) | 6.6 (3.8 to 11.3) | 3.7 (3.1 to 4.5) | 2.4 (1.9 to 3.0) |
| gender-specific ACRb | 13.0 (10.3 to 16.4) | 8.4 (4.6 to 14.9) | 4.4 (3.7 to 5.4) | 2.6 (2.1 to 3.2) |
P < 0.001 across diabetes categories for all definitions listed. ACR, albumin-creatinine ratio; CI, confidence interval.
a
Estimated persistence of albuminuria based on previous study (10) from repeat sampling in a subset of NHANES III.
b
Gender-specific cutoffs (11) were as follows: Microalbuminuria, ACR ≥17 mg/g and ≥25 mg/g, and macroalbuminuria, ACR ≥250 and ≥355 mg/g, for men and women, respectively.