Table 3.
Unadjusted population CKD prevalence by diabetes status and CKD definition, with estimation of GFR by the CKD-EPI equation, NHANES 1999 through 2006
| Characteristic | Prevalence (95% CI) by Diabetes Status |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosed Diabetes | Undiagnosed Diabetes | Prediabetes | No Diabetes | |
| CKD defined by reduced kidney function (15 to 59 ml/min per 1.73 m2) or microalbuminuria | ||||
| ACR ≥30 | 38.5 (34.1 to 43.0) | 40.0 (32.5 to 48.1) | 16.6 (14.7 to 18.8) | 9.2 (8.2 to 10.3) |
| % with stage 1 | 14.3 (11.3 to 17.9) | 19.3 (14.0 to 26.1) | 3.5 (2.7 to 4.6) | 2.6 (2.0 to 3.4) |
| % with stage 2 | 9.7 (7.7 to 12.1) | 6.5 (3.9 to 10.4) | 3.9 (3.0 to 5.2) | 2.1 (1.6 to 2.7) |
| % with stage 3A | 9.0 (6.3 to 12.7) | 8.8 (5.7 to 13.2) | 6.3 (5.2 to 7.6) | 2.5 (2.0 to 3.1) |
| % with stage 3B | 3.6 (2.2 to 5.8) | 3.9 (2.0 to 7.1) | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.6) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.1) |
| % with stage 4 | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.4) | 1.6 (0.6 to 3.6) | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.6) | 0.2 (0.0 to 0.3) |
| estimated persistence of ACR ≥30a | 30.3 (25.0 to 35.7) | 33.9 (26.2 to 42.2) | 14.3 (10.5 to 20.0) | 6.4 (2.5 to 10.4) |
| gender-specific ACRb | 42.7 (37.9 to 47.6) | 47.2 (38.0 to 56.6) | 20.4 (18.4 to 22.4) | 11.5 (10.5 to 12.7) |
| CKD defined by reduced kidney function (15 to 59 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria alone | ||||
| ACR ≥30,or ACR >300 | 10.9 (8.2 to 14.4) | 6.6 (3.8 to 11.3) | 3.7 (3.1 to 4.5) | 2.3 (1.8 to 2.9) |
| gender-specific ACRb | 12.5 (9.8 to 15.9) | 8.4 (4.6 to 14.9) | 4.4 (3.6 to 5.3) | 2.5 (2.1 to 3.1) |
P < 0.001 across diabetes categories for all definitions listed. ACR, albumin-creatinine ratio; CI, confidence interval.
a
Estimated persistence of albuminuria based on previous study (10) from repeat sampling in a subset of NHANES III.
b
Gender-specific cutoffs (11) were as follows: Microalbuminuria, ACR ≥17 mg/g and ≥25 mg/g, and macroalbuminuria, ACR ≥250 and ≥355 mg/g, for men and women, respectively.