Figure 3.

Photograph of the mock circulatory system used for testing the CPD. The mock circulatory system consists of the (1) left ventricle, (2) aorta, (3) systemic resistance and compliance chambers, (4) coronary artery, (5) subclavian artery, and (6) counterpulsation device (CPD). In a previous study (Pantalos, 2004¹⁴), the adult mock circulation was shown to mimic physiological responses as defined by characterizing hemodynamic parameters, ventricular pressure–volume relationship, aortic input impedance, and vascular mechanical properties for normal, failing, and recovering human ventricle.