Table 1.

Summary of past research on phonotactic probability and neighborhood density effects.

Sample	Recognition	Production	Memory	Word learning
Adults	High-probability advantage	High-probability advantage	High-probability advantage
	High-density disadvantage	High-density advantage	High-density advantage
Children		High-probability advantagea	High-probability advantagea	High-probability/ High-density advantageb
	High-density disadvantage	High-density advantage

^aResults based on nonword repetition tasks that contain elements of production and memory.

^bPhonotactic probability effects have not been differentiated from neighborhood density effects.