Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Characteristics of the patients | n = 194 |
|---|---|
| Age (mean [SD], range) (yr) | 50.6 (13.6) 21 - 77 |
| Sex (n, [%]) | |
| Male | 74 (38.1) |
| Female | 120 (61.9) |
| Groups of diagnosis (n [%]) | |
| UPVD | 72 (37.1) |
| BPVD | 16 (8.2) |
| CVD | 71 (36.6) |
| Multisensory/multifactorial | 35 (18.0) |
| Duration of dizziness or unsteadiness (n [%]) | |
| > 1 mo and maximum 6 mo | 55 (28.4) |
| > 6 mo and maximum 12 mo | 25 (12.9) |
| > 12 mo | 114 (58.8) |
| Level of disability (n [%]) | |
| Little | 52 (26.8) |
| Moderate | 98 (50.5) |
| Severe | 44 (22.7) |
| Limitation in activity respectively participation (UCLA; Question 3) (n [%]) | |
| No effect at all | 14 (7.2) |
| Continuing out all activities but with allowance for the dizziness | 36 (18.6) |
| Continuing most of the activities | 78 (40.2) |
| Continuing some of the activities | 49 (25.3) |
| Unable to continue any of the activities | 17 (8.8) |
| DHI-G total scalea | |
| Mean (SD) | 44.8 (22.2) |
| Median (range) | 44 (0 - 93) |
| Functional subscaleb | |
| Mean (SD) | 16.7 (9.7) |
| Median (range) | 18 (0 - 36) |
| Physical subscalec | |
| Mean (SD) | 13.9 (7.0) |
| Median (range) | 14 (0 - 28) |
| Emotional subscaleb | |
| Mean (SD) | 14.1 (8.8) |
| Median (range) | 14 (0 - 36) |
| HADSd | |
| Mean (SD) | 11.5 (7.7) |
| Median (range) | 10 (0 - 33) |
| Anxiety subscalee | |
| Mean (SD) | 6.3 (4.3) |
| Median (range) | 6 (0 - 17) |
| Depression subscalee | |
| Mean (SD) | 5.1 (4.2) |
| Median (range) | 4 (0 - 18) |
BPVD indicates bilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction; CVD, central vestibular dysfunction; DHI-G, Dizziness Handicap Inventory - German version; HADS, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale; multisensory/multifactorial causes of dizziness; SD, standard deviation; UCLA-DQ, University of California Los Angeles - Dizziness Questionnaire; UPVD, unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction;
a Maximum score of the DHI-G: 100 points; higher scores mean more disability
b Maximum scores of the functional and emotional subscale: 36 points
c Maximum score of the physical subscale: 28 points
d Maximum score of the HADS: 42 points; higher scores mean more anxiety or depression
e Maximum scores of the anxiety and depression subscale: 21 points