Table 1.

Background data and WHO z-score for weight-for length (WFL) of 929 children and their mother with available Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) and anthropometry at 24 months.

		n	%/mean(SD)	z-score weight-for length at 24 months	p-value
Total		929	100.0	0.26 (0.91)
Ever EPDS >= 13 at 2, 3 or 6 months	<13	827	89.0	0.25 (0.91)	0.6431
	>=13	102	11.0	0.30 (0.91)
EPDS >= 13 at 2 months	<13	839	93.1	0.25 (0.90)	0.5053
	>=13	62	6.9	0.33 (1.02)
EPDS >= 13 at 2 or 3 months and 6 months	<13	903	98.3	0.25 (0.91)	0.2963
	>=13	16	1.7	0.01 (0.83)
Country	Germany	143	15.4	0.18 (0.89)	<0.001
	Belgium	116	12.5	0.38 (0.86)
	Italy	265	28.5	-0.04 (0.88)
	Poland	159	17.1	0.36 (0.90)
	Spain	246	26.5	0.21 (0.99)
Gender	male	449	48.3	0.29 (0.85)	0.2552
	female	480	51.7	0.22 (0.97)
Birth order	1st child	537	57.9	0.28 (0.92)	0.5814
	2nd child	301	32.5	0.23 (0.92)
	>2nd child	89	9.6	0.18 (0.82)
Birth weight	<3130 g	313	33.7	0.29 (0.85)	0.0017
	3130 - 3450 g	314	33.8	0.11 (0.88)
	>3450 g	302	32.5	0.37 (0.98)
Study formula	lower protein	313	33.7	0.37 (0.93)	0.0197
	higher protein	319	34.3	0.18 (0.86)
	breastfed	297	32.0	0.21 (0.93)
Single mother	yes	38	4.1	0.26 (0.91)	0.3928
	no	889	95.9	0.13 (0.90)
Pregnancy not wished	yes	73	7.9	0.24 (0.91)	0.2041
	no	852	92.1	0.38 (0.92)
Mother frequently experienced stress during pregnancy	yes	139	15.0	0.25 (0.91)	0.8096
	no	789	85.0	0.27 (0.94)
Caesarean section	yes	197	21.3	0.22 (0.92)	0.0487
	no	728	78.7	0.37 (0.89)
Mother's education level (ISCED)	no/low	198	21.4	0.32 (0.94)	0.3906
	middle	472	50.9	0.22 (0.91)
	high	257	27.7	0.25 (0.87)
Smoking of mother 3 months prior to or during pregnancy	yes	324	35.0	0.21 (0.93)	0.0362
	no	602	65.0	0.34 (0.87)
Smoking of mother beyond 12th week of pregnancy	yes	173	18.7	0.24 (0.91)	0.1780
	no	754	81.3	0.34 (0.90)
BMI mother	<20	163	18.3	0.25 (0.86)	0.1585
	20-<25	482	54.0	0.25 (1.00)
	25-<30	183	20.5	0.19 (0.93)
	>=30	64	7.2	0.49 (0.99)
Mother's age	<28	253	27.3	0.27 (0.90)	0.9231
	28-<33	363	39.1	0.26 (0.89)
	33-44	312	33.6	0.24 (0.96)