Table 2.
Demographic, clinical and dietary characteristics and cognitive performances by categories of Mediterranean diet score among older persons living in Bordeaux, The Three-City study, wave1 (2001–2002). (N=1410)
| Low Category (MeDi Score 0–3) (n=423) | Middle Category (MeDi Score 4–5) (n=615) | High Category (MeDi Score 6–9) (n=372) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | P | |||
| Age, (N) mean (SD), y | (423) 76.1 (4.9) | (615) 75.9 (4.9) | (372) 75.8 (4.6) | .63 |
| Women, (N) % | (288) 60.1 | (380) 61.8 | (215) 57.8 | .01 |
| Education, (N) % | .32 | |||
| no or primary school | (150) 35.5 | (184) 30.1 | (115) 31.1 | |
| secondary | (113) 26.8 | (171) 28.0 | (100) 27.0 | |
| high school | (96) 22.8 | (132) 21.6 | (82) 22.2 | |
| university | (63) 14.9 | (124) 20.3 | (73) 19.7 | |
| Monthly income (€), (N) % | .56 | |||
| refused to answer | (25) 5.9 | (42) 6.8 | (25) 6.7 | |
| < 750 | (40) 9.5 | (40) 6.5 | (25) 6.7 | |
| 750–1500 | (153) 36.2 | (205) 33.3 | (122) 32.8 | |
| 1500–2250 | (99) 23.4 | (155) 25.2 | (88) 23.7 | |
| > 2250 | (106) 25.1 | (173) 28.1 | (112) 30.1 | |
| Marital Status, (N) % | <.0001 | |||
| married | (211) 50.0 | (343) 56.0 | (246) 66.5 | |
| divorced/separated | (37) 8.8 | (45) 7.3 | (27) 7.3 | |
| widowed | (150) 35.5 | (183) 29.8 | (72) 19.5 | |
| single | (24) 5.7 | (42) 6.9 | (25) 6.7 | |
| Practice of physical exercise, (N) % | .09 | |||
| no | (244) 57.7 | (318) 51.7 | (199) 53.4 | |
| moderate | (69) 16.3 | (108) 17.6 | (73) 19.6 | |
| intensive | (20) 4.7 | (56) 9.1 | (31) 8.3 | |
| no answer | (90) 21.3 | (133) 21.6 | (69) 18.6 | |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| CES-D scores, (N) mean (SD) | (420) 8.2 (7.4) | (612) 7.5 (7.5) | (369) 7.3 (6.8) | .17 |
| BMI, (N) mean (SD) | (393) 26.1 (4.3) | (573) 25.5 (4.0)* | (346) 25.5 (3.8)* | .03 |
| Total energy intake (kcal/d) (N) mean (SD) | (423) 1544 (502) | (615) 1641 (503)* | (372) 1680 (498)* | <.001 |
| Hypertension, (N) % | (213) 50.5 | (302) 49.3 | (203) 54.6 | .26 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, (N) % | (142) 33.8 | (217) 35.5 | (150) 40.4 | .13 |
| Diabetes, (N) % | (49) 11.6 | (54) 8.8 | (31) 8.3 | .22 |
| Smoking status, (N) % | .08 | |||
| never | (270) 63.8 | (391) 63.6 | (238) 64.0 | |
| ex-smoker | (126) 29.8 | (184) 29.9 | (124) 33.3 | |
| current smoker | (27) 6.4 | (40) 6.5 | (10) 2.7 | |
| Stroke, (N) % | (10) 2.4 | (8) 1.3 | (6) 1.6 | .42 |
| Number of drug/d >5, (N) % | (228) 53.9 | (294) 47.8 | (171) 46.0 | .06 |
| ApoE4 carrier, (N) % | (63) 16.8 | (105) 18.8 | (63) 18.3 | .73 |
| Baseline cognitive performances (N) mean (SD) | ||||
| MMSE score | (423) 27.6 (1.9) | (611) 27.7 (1.9) | (372) 27.6 (2.0) | .39 |
| IST score | (422) 31.0 (6.5) | (602) 32.1 (6.5)* | (367) 31.7 (6.4) | .02 |
| BVRT score | (414) 11.3 (2.2) | (598) 11.6 (2.1) | (369) 11.7 (2.1) | .08 |
| FCSRT score | (386) 24.1 (6.8) | (563) 24.1 (6.7) | (347)24.9 (6.5) | .19 |
| Annual cognitive decline (N) mean (SD) | ||||
| MMSE score | (411) −0.20 (0.63) | (597) −0.12 (0.49) | (362) −0.07 (0.62)* | .01 |
| IST score | (394) −0.76 (1.44) | (561) −0.81 (1.35) | (343) −0.87 (1.43) | .54 |
| BVRT score | (384) −0.08 (0.57) | (553) −0.05 (0.5) | (342) −0.08 (0.58) | .61 |
| FCSRT score | (283) −0.24 (1.11) | (438) −0.04 (1.13) | (264) +0.02 (1.17)* | .02 |
| Incidence of dementia (for 100 person-years) (95% CI) | 2.02 (1.36 – 2.68) | 1.51 (1.05 – 1.98) | 1.45 (0.86 – 2.04) | .64 |
Abbreviations: MeDi Mediterranean diet, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination; IST Isaacs Set Test; BVRT Benton Visual Retention Test; FCRST Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test; BMI, Body Mass Index; CES-D Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale; ApoE4 Apolipoprotein E ε4
P -value for the Chi-Square test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) among categories of Mediterranean diet score
2X2 significant comparisons (P<0.05) for means of age, mean baseline cognitive scores, mean annual cognitive decline, BMI, CES-D score, and energy intake between categories of Mediterranean diet score taking the lowest category as reference group