Table 2.
Growth Curve Models of Aging, SES, and Cohort Effects on Health in China (N = 34,282)
| Whole Sample |
Urban |
Rural |
p Value for Z Test |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Effects | Model 1 Coef. | Model 2 Coef. | Model 3 Coef. | Model 4 Coef. | Model 5 Coef. | Model 6 Coef. | Model 7 Coef. | Models 6 and 7 |
| For Intercept | ||||||||
| Intercept | 2.57*** (226.21) |
2.29*** (167.86) |
2.27*** (118.07) |
2.27*** (116.84) |
2.20*** (97.46) |
2.28*** (49.57) |
2.28*** (106.61) |
94 |
| Education (≤primary = 0) |
.27*** (21.61) |
.05*** (4.63) |
.09*** (3.96) |
.08*** (3.80) |
.05* (2.30) |
.07* (1.98) |
.11*** (3.60) |
.46 |
| Income (lowest 20 percent = 0) |
.05*** (5.54) |
.07*** (6.86) |
.07*** (3.41) |
.06*** (3.29) |
.05** (2.61) |
.05 (1.09) |
.08*** (3.63) |
.56 |
| Cohort | .11*** (34.38) |
.12*** (19.50) |
.12*** (19.55) |
.11*** (18.76) |
.11*** (6.61) |
.12*** (18.34) |
.43 | |
| Education × Cohort | −.01* (−1.97) |
−.01* (−2.02) |
−.00 (−.72) |
.01 (.67) |
−.02** (−2.88) |
.04 | ||
| Income × Cohort | .00 (.13) |
.00 (.14) |
−.00 (−.00) |
.01 (.58) |
−.00 (−.67) |
.42 | ||
| Urban | .02 (1.46) |
.01 (1.12) |
||||||
| Northeast | .14*** (9.43) |
|||||||
| Coastal | .21*** (15.88) |
|||||||
| Inland (Reference category: mountainous south) |
.05*** (4.52) |
|||||||
| For Linear Growth Rate | ||||||||
| Intercept | −.27*** (−14.89) |
−.30*** (−14.00) |
−.35*** (−11.20) |
−.36*** (−11.20) |
−.37*** (−11.12) |
−.30*** (−4.03) |
−.37*** (−10.49) |
.47 |
| Education (≤primary = 0) |
.09*** (6.03) |
.05** (3.05) |
.09* (2.46) |
.09* (2.42) |
.08* (2.24) |
.08 (1.37) |
.09+ (1.83) |
.90 |
| Income (lowest 20 percent = 0) |
.03 (1.40) |
.01 (.60) |
.07* (2.02) |
.07* (1.97) |
.06+ (1.67) |
.02 (.30) |
.08* (2.07) |
.52 |
| Cohort | .02*** (3.66) |
.04*** (3.97) |
.04*** (4.00) |
.03** (2.76) |
−.01 (−.37) |
.05*** (4.40) |
.04 | |
| Education × Cohort | −.01 (−1.05) |
−.01 (−1.08) |
−.01 (−.97) |
−.01 (−.26) |
−.01 (−.86) |
.81 | ||
| Income × Cohort | −.02* (−2.05) |
−.02* (−2.05) |
−.02* (−1.97) |
.03 (1.16) |
−.03** (−2.64) |
.03 | ||
| Urban | .01 (.58) |
.02 (1.11) |
||||||
| Northeast (mountainous south) |
.07** (2.79) |
|||||||
| Coastal (mountainous south) |
.07*** (3.33) |
|||||||
| Inland (mountainous south) |
.07*** (3.48) |
|||||||
| For Quadratic Growth Rate | ||||||||
| Intercept | −.08*** (−6.02) |
−.07*** (−5.44) |
−.07*** (−5.29) |
−.07*** (−5.28) |
−.06*** (−4.64) |
−.05* (−2.25) |
−.07*** (−4.84) |
.46 |
| Control Variables | ||||||||
| Died | −.34*** (−15.40) |
−.18*** (−8.46) |
−.18*** (−8.25) |
−.18*** (−8.23) |
−.16*** (−7.22) |
−.14** (−3.22) |
−.20*** (−7.74) |
.25 |
| Sex (female = 0) | .06*** (6.39) |
.10*** (10.46) |
.10*** (10.37) |
.10*** (10.41) |
.04** (3.22) |
.08*** (4.64) |
.10*** (9.49) |
.20 |
| Married | .02 (1.37) |
|||||||
| Smoking | .04*** (3.41) |
|||||||
| Drinking | .07*** (7.48) |
|||||||
| BMI | .01*** (8.99) |
|||||||
| Random-Effects Variance Components | ||||||||
| Level-1: within-person | .11*** | .09*** | .09*** | .09*** | .07*** | .09*** | .09*** | |
| Level-2: in intercept in linear growth rate |
.04*** .07*** |
.03*** .07*** |
.03*** .07*** |
.03*** .07*** |
.03*** .07*** |
.03*** .07*** |
.04*** .07*** |
|
| Goodness-of-fit | ||||||||
| BIC (smaller is better) | 73,147.70 | 72,014.30 | 72,036.80 | 72,048.30 | 71,593.70 | 21,500.50 | 50,614.90 | |
Note: t ratios are in parentheses.
+
p<.10
*
p<.05
**
p<.01
***
p<.001 (two-tailed tests).