Table 3.
Standard deviations for publication output per scientist
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | Avg 05–08 | n | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 9.4 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 500 |
| Australia | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 13 |
| Canada | 7.3 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 7.8 | 21 |
| China | 3.0 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 8 |
| France | 5.3 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 9.9 | 6.8 | 21 |
| Germany | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 40 |
| Italy | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 6.0 | 7.4 | 20 |
| Japan | 6.2 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 31 |
| Netherlands | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 12 |
| Sweden | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 10 |
| UK | 11.5 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 40 |
| US | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 159 |
Source: Shanghai ranking data at http://www.arwu.org/