Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics in Those Participants Who Decreased or Increased Their Percentage of Calories From Added Sugar Intakea
| Mean (SD) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Decreased Added Sugar Intake (n=27) |
Increased Added Sugar Intake (n=22) |
P Value | |
| Sex, M/F, % | 52/48 | 50/50 | .90 |
| Randomization group, control/nutrition/combo, % | 30/44/26 | 27/36/36 | .72 |
| Age, y | 15.6 (1.0) | 15.2 (1.1) | .20 |
| Height, cm | 165.7 (8.2) | 165.3 (7.7) | .84 |
| Weight, kgb | 98.7 (26.9) | 87.0 (15.1) | .11 |
| BMI | 35.6 (7.6) | 32.0 (6.0) | .08 |
| BMI percentileb | 97.3 (3.7) | 95.8 (4.2) | .11 |
| Total fat mass, kgb | 34.7 (12.3) | 31.2 (11.4) | .31 |
| Visceral fat, L | 1.7 (0.8) | 1.6 (0.8) | .68 |
| Subcutaneous fat, Lb | 10.1 (4.2) | 8.0 (3.8) | .12 |
| Total lean tissue mass, kgb | 55.3 (10.9) | 53.3 (7.1) | .63 |
| Fasting glucose level, mg/dL | 92.2 (5.8) | 92.3 (8.4) | .93 |
| 2-h Glucose level, mg/dLb | 125.9 (24.3) | 132.6 (27.0) | .37 |
| Glucose IAUC, mg/min/dLb | 101.1 (49.6) | 103.2 (56.6) | .56 |
| Fasting insulin level, μU/mLb | 28.8 (15.7) | 26.7 (15.4) | .68 |
| 2-h Insulin level, μU/mLb | 190.4 (150.9) | 179.3 (106.4) | .80 |
| Insulin IAUC, μU/min/mLb | 415.7 (304.2) | 354.7 (205.4) | .56 |
| Insulin sensitivity, (×10−4/min−1)/(μU/mL)b | 1.4 (0.8) | 2.1 (1.9) | .20 |
| Acute insulin response, μU/mL × 10 minb | 1415.8 (1079.0) | 1145.9 (658.0) | .59 |
| Disposition index, ×10−4 min−1b | 1501.5 (794.4) | 1573.1 (913.7) | .84 |
| Energy, kcal | 2032.6 (669.9) | 1747.2 (538.1) | .11 |
| Calories from fat, % | 31.9 (6.1) | 33.1 (6.0) | .52 |
| Calories from protein, % | 15.3 (3.2) | 16.6 (3.6) | .19 |
| Calories from carbohydrate, % | 53.9 (8.1) | 51.7 (6.6) | .32 |
| Calories from added sugar, % | 17.4 (6.7) | 12.2 (4.3) | .003 |
| Fiber, g per 1000 kcal | 7.6 (2.8) | 9.3 (3.5) | .07 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); IAUC, incremental area under the curve.
SI conversion factors: To convert glucose to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0555; insulin to picomoles per liter, multiply by 6.945.
χ2 Tests were used for categorical variables and independent t tests, for continuous variables. Sample sizes for dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were 23 in sugar intake decreasers and 22 in sugar intake increasers. Sample sizes for magnetic resonance imaging were 22 in sugar intake decreasers and 18 in sugar intake increasers.
Variables were not normally distributed so statistical tests were run with log-transformed data. For BMI percentile, a transformation involving ln(highest value + 1)−y was used.