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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Apr 7.
Published in final edited form as: Methods Mol Biol. 2009;500:335–359. doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-525-1_12

Fig. 9.

Fig. 9

Mechanism of clamp loading on DNA. (A) Clamp loader protein, RFC, catalyzes assembly of circular PCNA clamps onto primed DNA in a reaction driven by ATP binding and hydrolysis. (B) Design of ATPase experiments, with initial mixing of RFC and PCNA with ATP, followed by varying delay times, mixing with DNA, and measurement of product kinetics. (C) Simplified clamp loading reaction scheme. RFC (in the presence of PCNA; RC) binds ATP (T). The ternary complex undergoes an activation step (RA) before DNA (N) binding, rapid ATP hydrolysis and dissociation from the clamp-DNA complex (CN).