I |
Intramuscular, unilateral, does not dissect along fascial planes. |
Mild to moderate pain. No drop in hemoglobin. |
Conservative; usually outpatient follow up only. |
II |
Bilateral, some dissection between the muscle and transversalis fascia; no extension into the prevesical space. |
Minor drop in hemoglobin. |
Observation, short hospital stay. May need transfusion. |
III |
Bilateral, large, dissects between the transversalis fascia and muscle into the peritoneum and prevesical space. |
Significant drop in hemoglobin and hemodynamic instability. |
Reversal of anticoagulants and blood transfusion. Angiographic interventions may be needed. |