Table 4.
Risk of prostate cancer in relation to the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism, stratified by plasma levels of antioxidants, in a population-based case-control study of prostate cancer in Arkansas, 1998–2003
| Arg/Arg |
Arg/Gln or Gln/Gln |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antioxidanta | Cases/Controls | ORb | Cases/Controls | OR (95% CI)c | P value | Pinteraction |
| Lutein/zeaxanthin | ||||||
| Low | 54/66 | 1.00 | 55/31 | 2.15 (1.17, 4.01) | 0.015 | |
| High | 48/61 | 1.00 | 33/37 | 1.17 (0.60, 2.29) | 0.66 | 0.14 |
| β-cryptoxanthin | ||||||
| Low | 54/70 | 1.00 | 58/27 | 2.64 (1.40, 5.07) | 0.003 | |
| High | 48/57 | 1.00 | 30/41 | 0.92 (0.48, 1.78) | 0.81 | 0.03 |
| Lycopene | ||||||
| Low | 58/69 | 1.00 | 50/29 | 2.05 (1.07, 3.98) | 0.032 | |
| High | 44/58 | 1.00 | 38/39 | 1.24 (0.66, 2.34) | 0.50 | 0.41 |
| α-carotene | ||||||
| Low | 53/68 | 1.00 | 45/29 | 1.87 (0.97, 3.67) | 0.063 | |
| High | 49/59 | 1.00 | 43/39 | 1.33 (0.72, 2.47) | 0.36 | 0.56 |
| β-carotene | ||||||
| Low | 42/69 | 1.00 | 37/28 | 1.92 (0.96, 3.88) | 0.066 | |
| High | 60/58 | 1.00 | 51/40 | 1.28 (0.71, 2.31) | 0.41 | 0.52 |
| α-tocopherol | ||||||
| Low | 50/68 | 1.00 | 42/29 | 1.82 (0.95, 3.54) | 0.072 | |
| High | 52/59 | 1.00 | 46/39 | 1.40 (0.76, 2.60) | 0.28 | 0.40 |
Arg, Arginine; Gln, Glutamine.
a
Low: <median; high: ≥median. Median plasma levels of lutein/zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, α-carotene, β-carotene, and α-tocopherol (μg/l) were 155, 73, 275, 19, 99, and 9202, respectively.
b
Reference.
c
Adjusted for age, race, body mass index, education, and smoking status.