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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Hypotheses. 2009 Nov 11;74(5):928–933. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.10.020

Table 1.

Psychosocial Predictors of Relapse to Substance Dependence

Demographics
Severity of dependence
Age at onset of problem use
Family history of substance use disorders
Co-occurring mental and other substance use disorders
Psychiatric severity
Character traits and disorders
Social support
Motivation for abstinence
Treatment adherence
Length of treatment stay
Participation in Alcoholics Anonymous or similar mutual-help groups
Therapeutic alliance
Self-efficacy