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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009 Jun;140(6 Suppl 1):S1–43. doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2009.04.015

Table 15.

Determining strength of action for key guideline statements

Statement Definition Implication
Strong
Recommendation
A strong recommendation means the benefits of
the recommended approach clearly exceed the
harms (or, in the case of a strong negative
recommendation, that the harms clearly exceed
the benefits) and that the quality of the
supporting evidence is excellent (Grade A or
B)*. In some clearly identified circumstances,
strong recommendations may be made based on
lesser evidence when high-quality evidence is
impossible to obtain and the anticipated benefits
strongly outweigh the harms.
Clinicians should follow a
strong recommendation
unless a clear and
compelling rationale for
an alternative approach is
present.
Recommendation A recommendation means the benefits exceed
the harms (or, in the case of a negative
recommendation, that the harms exceed the
benefits), but the quality of evidence is not as
strong (Grade B or C)*. In some clearly
identified circumstances, recommendations may
be made based on lesser evidence when high-
quality evidence is impossible to obtain and the
anticipated benefits outweigh the harms.
Clinicians should also
generally follow a
recommendation, but
should remain alert to
new information and
sensitive to patient
preferences.
Option An option means that either the quality of
evidence is suspect (Grade D)* or that well-
done studies (Grade A, B, or C)* show little
clear advantage to one approach versus another.
Clinicians should be
flexible in their decision
making regarding
appropriate practice,
although they may set
bounds on alternatives;
patient preference should
have a substantial
influencing role

Adapted from the American Academy of Pediatrics16

*

See Table 14 for definitions of evidence grades