Table 2.

—Psychometric Information for COPD Helplessness Index: Item-Total Correlations and Response Rates

			Response Frequencies (%)a
		Item-Total Correlation	SA	A	N	D	SD
1.	Managing my breathing problems is largely my own responsibility.b	0.36	40	55	3	2	1
2.	I can reduce my breathing problems by staying calm and relaxed.b	0.34	24	56	11	7	2
3.	Too often, my breathing problems just seem to hit me from out of the blue.	0.48	11	31	7	38	13
4.	If I do all the right things, I can successfully manage my breathing  problems.b	0.60	20	55	11	10	3
5.	I can do a lot of things myself to cope with my breathing problems.b	0.58	22	66	6	5	1
6.	My breathing problems are controlling my life.	0.60	12	22	7	35	25
7.	When it comes to managing my breathing problems, I feel I can only do what my doctor tells me to do.	0.39	6	21	7	52	15
8.	When I manage my personal life well, my breathing problems do not affect me as much.b	0.43	10	55	15	15	5
9.	I have considerable ability to control my breathing problems.b	0.63	13	56	13	12	5
10.	I would feel helpless if I couldn’t rely on other people for help when I’m not  feeling well because of my breathing problems.	0.41	6	22	6	50	17
11.	Usually I can tell when my breathing problems are going to get worse.c	0.25	14	55	8	19	4
12.	No matter what I do or how hard I try, I just can’t seem to get relief from  my breathing problems.	0.64	5	19	8	52	17
13.	I am coping effectively with my breathing problems.b	0.53	18	68	6	6	2
14.	It seems as though fate and other factors beyond my control affect my breathing problems.	0.51	7	28	9	45	11
15.	I want to learn as much as I can about my breathing problems.b,c	0.12	34	57	5	4	1

^aResponse options: SA = strongly agree; A = agree; N = neutral; D = disagree; SD = strongly disagree. Items may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

^bItems 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 13, and 15 are reverse-scored.

^cItems 11 and 15 were excluded from final scale because of low item-total correlation.