Table 1.
—Subject Characteristics at Time 1
| Condition Group |
Total Sample, By Time 1 Depressive Symptoms |
||||||
| Total Sample (N = 452) | COPD (n = 243) | Chronic Bronchitis (n = 209) | P Valuea | S-GDS < 4 (n = 296) | S-GDS ≥ 4 (n = 156) | P Valuea | |
| Age, % (No.) | |||||||
| 55-60 y | 19.0 (86) | 15.6 (38) | 23.0 (48) | .003 | 17.6 (52) | 21.8 (34) | .55 |
| 61-65 y | 27.4 (124) | 23.5 (57) | 32.1 (67) | 27.7 (82) | 26.9 (42) | ||
| ≥ 66 y | 53.5 (242) | 60.9 (148) | 45.0 (94) | 54.7 (162) | 51.3 (80) | ||
| Female, % (No.) | 61.3 (277) | 57.6 (140) | 65.6 (137) | .10 | 60.8 (180) | 62.2 (97) | .84 |
| White, non-Hispanic, % (No.) | 90.9 (441) | 91.1 (216) | 90.7 (185) | .87 | 90.7 (264) | 91.3 (137) | .83 |
| Education less than high school, % (No.) | 9.5 (43) | 11.9 (29) | 6.7 (14) | .08 | 6.1 (18) | 16.0 (25) | .001 |
| Smoking status, % (No.) | |||||||
| Never | 23.2 (105) | 10.3 (80) | 38.3 (80) | < .0001 | 26.7 (79) | 16.7 (26) | .0002 |
| Former smoker | 55.3 (250) | 62.1 (151) | 47.4 (99) | 56.4 (167) | 53.2 (83) | ||
| Current smoker | 21.5 (97) | 27.6 (67) | 14.4 (30) | 16.9 (50) | 30.1 (47) | ||
| Comorbid conditions, % (No.) | |||||||
| 0 | 19.7 (89) | 16.9 (41) | 23.0 (48) | .16 | 25.3 (75) | 9.0 (14) | < .0001 |
| 1 | 31.6 (143) | 30.9 (75) | 32.5 (68) | 35.8 (106) | 23.7 (37) | ||
| ≥ 2 | 48.7 (220) | 52.3 (127) | 44.5 (93) | 38.9 (115) | 67.3 (105) | ||
| COPD Severity Score, mean (SD) | 7.5 (6.3) | 9.7 (6.8) | 4.9 (4.5) | < .0001 | 5.6 (5.1) | 11.1 (6.9) | < .0001 |
COPD = self-reported diagnosis of COPD or emphysema; chronic bronchitis = self-reported diagnosis of chronic bronchitis without concomitant self-report of COPD or emphysema; S-GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form.
a
P value from χ2 analyses or t tests comparing groups.