Table 1.

Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with genotypic frequencies and demographic characteristics distributions.

Variable	Controls (n = 386) (%)	Patients (n = 177) (%)	OR (95% CI) p value	AOR (95% CI) p value
GSTP1
II	272 (70.5%)	112 (63.3%)	1.00	1.00
IV	107 (27.7%)	58 (32.7%)	1.31 (0.8-1.9) p = 0.16	1.16 (0.7-1.7) p = 0.46
VV	7 (1.8%)	7 (4.0%)	2.42 (0.8-7.0) p = 0.10	2.26 (0.7-7.1) p = 0.16
II	272 (70.5%)	112 (63.3%)	1.00	1.00
IV or VV	114 (29.5%)	65 (36.7%)	1.38 (0.9-2.0) p = 0.09	1.24 (0.8-1.8) p = 0.28
GSTA1
AA	304 (78.8%)	146 (82.5%)	1.00	1.00
AB	78 (20.2%)	30 (16.9%)	0.80 (0.5-1.2) p = 0.34	0.89 (0.5-1.4) p = 0.66
BB	4 (1.0%)	1 (0.6%)	0.52 (0.05-4.7) p = 0.56	0.34 (0.04-3.5) p = 0.38
AA	304 (78.8%)	146 (82.5%)	1.00	1.00
AB or BB	82 (21.2%)	31 (17.5%)	0.78 (0.4-1.2) p = 0.36	0.85 (0.5-1.3) p = 0.52
GST genes
Combination 1	212 (54.9%)	92 (52.0%)	1.00	1.00
Combination 2	152 (39.4%)	75 (42.3%)	1.13 (0.7-1.6) p = 0.51	1.05 (0.7-1.5) p = 0.77
Combination 3	22 (5.7%)	10 (5.7%)	1.04 (0.4-2.4) p = 0.81	1.08 (0.4-2.5) p = 0.84
Age (yrs)
	54.37 ± 0.77	63.88 ± 0.81	p < 0.0001
Gender
Male	257 (66.6%)	128 (72.3%)	1.00	1.00
Female	129 (33.4%)	49 (27.7%)	0.76 (0.5-1.1) p = 0.17	1.08 (0.7-1.6) p = 0.72
Residential area	Mid-Taiwan	Mid-Taiwan
Race	Asian	Asian
Ethnicity	Taiwanese	Taiwanese

The odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% CIs were estimated by logistic regression models.

The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with their 95% CIs were estimated by multiple logistic regression models, after controlling for age, gender and genotypes for each estimated variable.

Mann-Whitney U test or Fisher's exact test was used between healthy controls and HCC patients.

Combination 1: Individuals with Ile/Ile of GSTP1 and *A/*A of GSTA.

Combination 2: Individuals with either genotype Ile/Val or Val/Val of GSTP1 or genotype *A/*B or *B/*B of GSTA1.

Combination 3: Individuals with genotype Ile/Val or Val/Val of GSTP1 and genotype *A/*B or *B/*B of GSTA1.