Figure 1. Force Production by Full-Length Dynein.
(A) Illustration of the dynein dimer with associated chains and N-terminal GFPs.
(B) Schematic representation of the optical trapping assay (not to scale).
(C) Displacement of a single dynein molecule at 1 mM ATP in a fixed (nonfeedback) optical trap showing successive motor detachments and stalling events (trap stiffness: k = 0.055 pN/nm).The inset on the right side shows the stall force distribution (6.9 pN ± 1 pN; mean ± SD; n = 108).
(D) Stall force as a function of ATP concentration. Values are displayed as mean ± SD (n = 20–108).
(E) Velocity-force relationship at 1 mM ATP. All velocities were measured with the optical trap maintaining a constant load using feedback control, except the zero load velocity, which was measured by tracking the GFP-tagged motors in a single-molecule fluorescence assay. Values are displayed as mean ± SEM (n = 35–151).
