Table 5.
Differences in career- and workplace-related factors between female and male physicians with and without children
| Females (n = 292) |
Males (n = 287) |
Physicians without children (n = 368) |
Physicians with children (n = 211) |
Total (n = 579) |
Female physicians (n = 292) |
Male physicians (n = 287) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without children (n = 191) |
With children (n = 101) |
Without children (n=177) |
With children (n = 110) |
||||||||||
| n (%) | n (%) | p | n (%) | n (%) | p | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p | n (%) | n (%) | p | |
| CAREER STEPS/MENTOR | |||||||||||||
| Dissertation (yes) | 245 (83.9) | 229 (80.4) | 0.278 | 312 (84.8) | 162 (77.5) | 0.032 | 474 (82.1) | 166 (86.9) | 79 (78.2) | 0.066 | 146 (82.5) | 83 (76.9) | 0.283 |
| Specialty qualification | 121 (41.4) | 114 (40.1) | 0.850 | 158 (43.1) | 77 (36.8) | 0.102 | 235 (40.8) | 90 (47.1) | 31 (30.7) | 0.025 | 68 (38.6) | 46 (42.6) | 0.128 |
| Mentor (yes) | 118 (40.5) | 169 (58.9) | <0.001 | 188 (51.2) | 99 (46.9) | 0.342 | 287 (49.7) | 84 (44.2) | 34 (33.7) | 0.103 | 104 (58.8) | 65 (59.1) | 0.999 |
| SPECIALTY CHOICE | <0.001 | 0.020 | 0.116 | 0.137 | |||||||||
| Primary Care | 34 (11.6) | 31 (10.8) | 33 (9.0) | 32 (15.2) | 65 (11.2) | 18 (9.4) | 16 (15.8) | 15 (8.5) | 16 (14.5) | ||||
| Internal Medicine | 93 (31.8) | 81 (28.2) | 114 (31.0) | 60 (28.4) | 174 (30.1) | 60 (31.4) | 33 (32.7) | 54 (30.5) | 27 (24.5) | ||||
| Surgical fields | 15 (5.1) | 56 (19.5) | 41 (11.1) | 30 (14.2) | 71 (12.3) | 11 (5.8) | 4 (4.0) | 30 (16.9) | 26 (23.6) | ||||
| Gynecology & Obstetrics | 28 (9.6) | 4 (1.4) | 23 (6.3) | 9 (4.3) | 32 (5.5) | 21 (11.0) | 7 (6.9) | 2 (1.1) | 2 (1.8) | ||||
| Anesthesiology | 23 (7.9) | 26 (9.1) | 37 (10.1) | 12 (5.7) | 49 (8.5) | 18 (9.4) | 5 (5.0) | 19 (10.7) | 7 (6.4) | ||||
| Pediatrics | 34 (11.6) | 8 (2.8) | 25 (6.8) | 17 (8.1) | 42 (7.3) | 22 (11.5) | 12 (11.9) | 3 (1.7) | 5 (4.5) | ||||
| Psychiatry | 24 (8.2) | 18 (6.3) | 26 (7.1) | 16 (7.6) | 42 (7.3) | 13 (6.8) | 11 (10.9) | 13 (7.3) | 5 (4.5) | ||||
| Other specialties | 24 (8.2) | 48 (16.7) | 54 (14.7) | 18 (8.5) | 72 (12.4) | 20 (10.5) | 4 (4.0) | 34 (19.2) | 14 (12.7) | ||||
| Not decided | 17 (5.8) | 15 (5.2) | 15 (4.1) | 17 (8.1) | 32 (5.5) | 8 (4.2) | 9 (8.9) | 7 (4.0) | 8 (7.3) | ||||
| WORKPLACE | 0.005 | 0.006 | <0.001 | 0.356 | |||||||||
| Regional hospital | 42 (14.4) | 30 (10.5) | 44 (12.0) | 28 (13.3) | 72 (12.5) | 30 (15.8) | 12 (11.9) | 14 (7.9) | 16 (14.5) | ||||
| Cantonal hospital | 80 (27.5) | 92 (32.1) | 121 (33.0) | 51 (24.2) | 172 (29.8) | 65 (34.2) | 15 (14.9) | 56 (31.6) | 36 (32.7) | ||||
| University Hospital | 92 (31.6) | 109 (38.0) | 133 (36.2) | 68 (32.2) | 201 (34.8) | 62 (32.6) | 30 (29.7) | 71 (40.1) | 38 (34.5) | ||||
| Research Institution | 2 (0.7) | 10 (3.5) | 10 (2.7) | 2 (0.9) | 12 (2.1) | 2 (1.1) | 0 | 8 (4.5) | 2 (1.8) | ||||
| Family Medicine practice | 17 (5.8) | 8 (2.8) | 15 (4.1) | 10 (4.7) | 25 (4.3) | 9 (4.7) | 8 (7.9) | 6 (3.4) | 2 (1.8) | ||||
| Medical specialty practice | 8 (2.7) | 5 (1.7) | 7 (1.9) | 6 (2.8) | 13 (2.2) | 4 (2.1) | 4 (4.0) | 3 (1.7) | 2 (1.8) | ||||
| others | 50 (17.1) | 33 (11.5) | 37 (10.0) | 46 (21.8) | 83 (14.4) | 19 (9.5) | 32 (31.7) | 19 (10.8) | 33 (11.5) | ||||
| CAREER ASPIRED TO | <0.001 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.280 | |||||||||
| Family Medicine practice | 50 (17.1) | 44 (15.4) | 45 (12.3) | 49 (23.2) | 94 (16.3) | 24 (12.6) | 26 (25.7) | 22 (12.6) | 23 (20.9) | ||||
| Medical Specialty practice | 65 (22.3) | 57 (20.0) | 74 (20.2) | 48 (22.7) | 122 (21.1) | 36 (18.8) | 29 (28.7) | 37 (21.1) | 19 (17.3) | ||||
| Hospital doctor (Spitalarzt) | 32 (11.0) | 10 (3.5) | 30 (8.2) | 12 (5.7) | 42 (7.3) | 22 (11.5) | 10 (9.9) | 8 (4.6) | 2 (1.8) | ||||
| Hospital career (senior/chief physician) | 86 (29.5) | 109 (38.2) | 140 (38.3) | 55 (26.1) | 195 (33.8) | 71 (37.2) | 15 (14.9) | 69 (39.4) | 40 (36.4) | ||||
| Academic career | 8 (2.7) | 37 (13.0) | 29 (7.9) | 16 (7.6) | 45 (7.8) | 6 (3.1) | 2 (2.0) | 23 (13.1) | 14 (12.7) | ||||
| Others | 15 (5.1) | 12 (4.3) | 14 (3.8) | 13 (6.1) | 27 (4.6) | 9 (4.7) | 6 (5.3) | 5 (2.9) | 12 (4.3) | ||||
| Not decided | 36 (12.3) | 16 (5.6) | 34 (9.3) | 18 (8.5) | 52 (9.0) | 23 (12.0) | 13 (12.9) | 13 (6.3) | 5 (4.5) | ||||