Table 3.
Changes in outcome variables from start to finish of course.
| Pre-Post Difference1 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start of Course | End of Course | 95% Confidence Interval | ||||||
| Variable | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | Lower | Upper | P |
| Pandemic self-efficacy | 87.7 | 12.6 | 92.9 | 12.9 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 6.6 | <0.001 |
| Confidence in support and training | 32.6 | 4.9 | 33.8 | 4.7 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1.6 | <0.001 |
| Interpersonal problems | ||||||||
| Controlling2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.0 | -0.1 | 0.0 | 0.55 |
| Self-centered2 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 | -0.1 | -0.2 | 0.0 | 0.01 |
| Cold-distant2 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 | -0.1 | -0.2 | 0.0 | 0.10 |
| Socially inhibited2 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | -0.2 | -0.1 | 0.0 | 0.001 |
| Nonassertive2 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.8 | -0.2 | -0.3 | -0.1 | 0.001 |
| Overly accommodating2 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.8 | -0.2 | -0.2 | -0.1 | <0.001 |
| Self-sacrificing2 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.8 | -0.2 | -0.2 | -0.1 | <0.001 |
| Intrusive-needy2 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | -0.1 | -0.2 | 0.0 | 0.003 |
| Total problems3 | 31.4 | 16.0 | 27.6 | 15.6 | -3.7 | -5.1 | -2.3 | <0.001 |
| Ways of Coping | ||||||||
| Problem-solving | 1.5 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 0.0 | -0.1 | 0.0 | 0.95 |
| Seeking support | 1.5 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.0 | -0.1 | 0.0 | 0.40 |
| Escape-avoidance | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | -0.1 | -0.1 | 0.0 | 0.06 |
1 Significance of pre-post differences by paired t-tests, based on intention to treat.
2 Mean score of 4 items scored 0 to 4.
3 Summed score of 32 items scored 0 to 4.