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Studying the mechanism of BMSC effect. In BAL BMSC treatment resulted in elevated TGF-β levels (A). IFN-γ (B) and IL-10 (C) did not change. Serum or BAL from RW challenged mice induced BMSCs to producemore TGF-β in vitro, but this effect was eliminated when BMSCs lacked IL-4Ra (D). Using neutralizing antibodies for IL-4 or IL-13 suggested both cytokines are involved in stimulating BMSC's TGF-β production when cocultured with serum (E) or BAL (F) from RW challenged mice.
