Fig. 1.

Bayesian Skyride derived from the geospatial analysis of 135 ancient and 14 modern musk ox mtDNA control region sequences. The x axis is in units of radiocarbon years in the past, and the y axis is equal to Ne*τ (the product of the effective population size and the generation length in radiocarbon years). The colors represent the relative contribution of each of the geolocations to the overall estimated effective population size. Colors indicate geographical origins of the samples: blue, Greenland; red, Northeast Siberia; orange, Taimyr; green, Urals; light blue, Canada. The bar graph shows the number of radiocarbon-dated samples in bins of 2,000 radiocarbon years. No relation is apparent between the absolute number of samples and the estimated effective population size or transition time.