Fig. 5.

Non–Ca²⁺-conducting Ca_V1.1 channels are a common trait of all higher teleost fishes. Sequencing of a phylogenetic wide range of teleost fishes revealed that two distinct α_1S isoforms (α_1S-a and α_1S-b) are present in all teleosts. Marker amino acids indicating non-Ca²⁺ conductivity (boxed in black) were identified in α_1S-a and α_1S-b of all higher teleosts starting with the clade comprising the order Cypriniformes. The positions of the selectivity filter glutamates are indicated by gray bars. Phylogenetic tree is drawn after the Tree of Life web project (21).