. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Heart Fail Rev. 2008 Apr 24;15(3):187–196. doi: 10.1007/s10741-008-9094-x

Table 5.

Influence of β-blocker therapy on genetic associations in retrospective cohort studies in HF patients

Study population	β-blocker	N	Duration	Gene	Polymorphism	Outcomes	Results	P-value	References
DCM	Various	375	37–60 months	ADRB1	Ser49Gly	Death or heart transplantation	Among patients on <50% of the target dose for the given β-blocker, Gly49 carrier was associated with the longer survival than Ser49Ser (HR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.07–0.80)	0.014	[41]
DCM	Various	375	37–60 months	ADRB1	Arg389Gly	Death or heart transplantation		ns
							Among patients on a high dose of a β-blocker, no genetic association was detected
Systolic	Various	328	Median	ACE	I/D	Death or heart transplantation	D allele associated with higher risk for outcomes than I/I (HR = 1.80)	0.04	[42]
HF			21 months				No association in patients on a β-blocker	ns
Various	Various	220	Median	Seven genes	Eight polymorphisms	Death or heart transplantation	Homozygotes for both Arg16Arg and Gln27Gln in the ADRB2 gene were associated with increased risk (HR = 1.91)	0.02	[43]
			34 months				Among patients on a β-blocker, none of the genetic polymorphisms were associated with the outcomes	ns

HF, heart failure; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; N, sample size; ns, not significant; Arg, arginine; Gly, glycine; Ser, serine; Glu, glutamate; Gln, glutamine; I/D, insertion/deletion; ADRB1, β₁-adrenergic receptor gene; ADRB2, β₂-adrenergic receptor gene; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme gene; CI, confidence interval