Table 3.
Associations of Cortisol and CRH with New Ballard Scores by Infant’s Sex (with and without Controlling for Length of Gestation)
| Hormones | Coefficient (95% CI)/Standardized Coefficienta | t (SE) | p >|t| | Coefficient (95% CI)/Standardized Coefficientb | t (SE) | p >|t| | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cortisol | |||||||
| 15 weeks | Males | −.412 (−.699, −.124) β = −.419 | −2.91 (.142) | 0.006 | −.402 (−.625, −.179) β = −.442 | −3.67 (.109) | 0.001 |
| Females | −.271 (−.551, .010) β = −.319 | −1.97 (.137) | 0.058 | −.198 (−.436, .039) β = −.233 | −1.70 (.116) | 0.099 | |
| 19 weeks | Males | −.265 (−.436, −.093) β = −.368 | −3.09 (.086) | 0.003 | −.211 (−.363, −.059) β = −.311 | −2.77 (.076) | 0.007 |
| Females | .192 (−.019, .404) β = .203 | 1.81 (.106) | 0.074 | .123 (−.040, .286) β = .130 | 1.50 (.082) | 0.138 | |
| 25 weeks | Males | −.177 (−.397, .043) β = −.214 | −1.61 (.110) | 0.113 | −.203 (−.392, −.014) β = −.261 | −2.15 (.094) | 0.036 |
| Females | .092 (−.060,.245) β = .143 | 1.21 (.076) | 0.232 | .072 (−.047, .192) β = .110 | 1.21 (.060) | 0.230 | |
| 31 weeks | Males | .050 (−.124, .224) β = .073 | 0.57 (.087) | 0.571 | .082 (−.068, .231) β = .128 | 1.09 (.075) | 0.279 |
| Females | .085 (.019, .150) β = .282 | 2.57 (.033) | 0.012 | .033 (−.020, .087) β = .111 | 1.24 (.027) | 0.220 | |
| CRH | |||||||
| 15 weeks | Males | −.329 (−.824, .167) β = −.215 | −1.35 (.244) | 0.186 | −.342 (−.731, .048) β = −.243 | −1.79 (.191) | 0.083 |
| Females | −.110 (−.497, .277) β = −.102 | −0.58 (.190) | 0.567 | .021 (−.308, .350) β = .020 | 0.13 (.161) | 0.897 | |
| 19 weeks | Males | .048 (−.072, .168) β = .117 | 0.80 (.060) | 0.424 | .037 (−.068, .142) β = .094 | 0.71 (.052) | 0.480 |
| Females | .017 (−.050, .085) β = .057 | 0.51 (.034) | 0.609 | .008 (−.043, .059) β = .026 | 0.31 (.026) | 0.757 | |
| 25 weeks | Males | .008 (−.035, .051) β = .051 | 0.38 (.021) | 0.704 | .001 (−.037, .039) β = .008 | 0.60 (.020) | 0.949 |
| Females | .001 (−.020, .022) β = .010 | 0.10 (.011) | 0.922 | −.006 (−.022, .011) β = −.056 | −0.69 (.008) | 0.496 | |
| 31 weeks | Males | −.007 (−.010, −.004) β = −.516 | −4.64 (.002) | 0.000 | −.006 (−.009, −.004) β = −.511 | −4.91 (.001) | 0.000 |
| Females | −.003 (−.007, .001) β = −.150 | −1.40 (.002) | 0.166 | −.001 (−.005, .002) β = −.068 | −0.82 (.002) | 0.415 | |
a
Multiple regression analyses controlled for maternal age, caesarian section delivery, parity, infant’s age at exam, and mother’s ethnicity/race.
b
Multiple regression analyses controlled for maternal age, caesarian section delivery, parity, infant’s age at exam, mother’s ethnicity/race, and gestational length.