Table 1.

Results for the isomerization of glucose in water

				Yield (wt/wt% )
Entry	Catalyst	Temperature (K)	Time (min)	Glucose	Fructose	Mannose	Total saccharides
1	None	383	90	97	0	0	97
2	None	413	90	95	1	0	95
3	HCl (pH = 2)	383	90	98	0	0	98
4	Sn-Beta	383	30	45	32	9	86
5	Sn-Beta	413	12	46	30	9	85
6	Sn-Beta/HCl (pH = 2)	383	30	44	33	9	86
7	Ti-Beta	383	90	74	14	5†	93
8	SnO2	383	60	96	0	0	96
9	SnCl4·5H2O	383	60	90	0	0	90
10*	Sn-Beta	383	60	46	29	8	83

Reactions were performed with a 10 wt% glucose solution, using the corresponding amount of catalyst to maintain a 1∶50 metal:glucose molar ratio.

^*Reaction of a 45 wt% glucose solution, using a 225∶1 glucose:Sn molar ratio.

^†An unidentified sugar, rather than mannose, was obtained with Ti-Beta. The reported 5 wt/wt% yield was calculated using the response factor associated with hexoses.