Table 1.
Comparisons of physiological and metabolic factors in rats maintained under standard housing conditions (overfed and sedentary) and more natural conditions (reduced energy intake or running wheel exercise)
| Housing conditions | |||
| Factor | Standard | Diet restriction | Exercise |
| Body weight | 600–700 g | 350–500 g | 500–600 g |
| Total body fat | 25–40% | 5–20% | 10–20% |
| Mean blood pressure | 110–130 mm Hg | 80–90 mm Hg | 115–125 mm Hg |
| Resting heart rate | 350–400 bpm | 250–300 bpm | 280–300 bpm |
| Plasma glucose | 150–160 mg/dL | 110–130 mg/dL | 125–135 mg/dL |
| Plasma insulin | 125–140 nmol/L | 70–80 nmol/L | NA |
| Plasma leptin | 8–12 ng/mL | 2–6 ng/mL | NA |
| Plasma adiponectin | 9–11 ng/mL | 14–16 ng/mL | NA |
| Total cholesterol | 140–170 mg/dL | 70–100 mg/dL | 130–140 mg/dL |
| LDL cholesterol | 15–25 mg/dL | 10–15 mg/dL | NA |
| TNFα* | 6–7 pg/mL | 3–4 pg/mL | NA |
| IL-6* | 6.5–7.5 pg/mL | 4.5–5.5 pg/mL | NA |