TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics of DREW participants.
| Total Cohort (N=332) |
Control (n=78) |
4 KKW (n=110) |
8 KKW (n=68) |
12 KKW (n=76) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, mean (SD) y | 57.6 (6.3) | 57.5 (5.8) | 58.2 (6.3) | 57.6 (6.6) | 56.6 (6.4) | |
| Ethnicity (%) | ||||||
| Caucasian | 68 | 69 | 67 | 65 | 72 | |
| African American | 26 | 23 | 27 | 28 | 26 | |
| Hispanic or Other | 5 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 1 | |
| Anthropometry | ||||||
| Weight (kg) | 84.3 (11.9) | 85.2 (12.1) | 83.3 (11.2) | 85.6 (13.0) | 83.6 (11.5) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.7 (3.7) | 32.0 (3.8) | 31.4 (3.7) | 32.3 (3.9) | 31.3 (3.6) | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 100.99 (11.4) | 102.44 (11.6) | 100.19 (10.8) | 102.87 (12.0) | 98.94 (11.1) | |
| Cardiovascular | ||||||
| VO2 (L/min) | 1.31 (0.2) | 1.33 (0.3) | 1.29 (0.2) | 1.29 (0.2) | 1.32 (0.2) | |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||||
| Systolic | 139.3 (13.1) | 142.5 (12.5) | 138.3 (12.9) | 139.0 (13.8) | 137.9 (12.8) | |
| Diastolic | 80.8 (8.8) | 80.8 (7.9) | 80.2 (9.4) | 80.7 (8.9) | 81.6 (8.7) | |
| Hematology* | ||||||
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 117.56 (26.2) | 118.16 (26.5) | 114.35 (27.6) | 117.31 (26.3) | 121.84 (24.5) | |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 57.44 (14.2) | 57.14 (14.5) | 58.30 (14.2) | 57.15 (15.1) | 57.78 (13.2) | |
| Glucose | 95.24 (9.2) | 96.65 (10.7) | 93.76 (8.9) | 95.35 (8.6) | 95.84 (8.4) | |
| Triglycerides | 130.78 (66.9) | 135.74 (73.5) | 129.98 (60.1) | 128.93 (61.7) | 128.49 (74.3) | |
| Insulin | 74.5 (43.7) | 76.35 (52.1) | 72.01 (38.50) | 77.78 (43.6) | 73.29 (42.2) | |
| HOMA-IR | 2.98 (1.9) | 3.13 (2.4) | 2.84 (1.7) | 3.10 (1.8) | 2.93 (1.80) | |
| Time Domain Indices of Autonomic Function | ||||||
| rMSSD (ms) | 23.12 (11.9) | 23.09 (11.1) | 24.01 (12.6) | 22.71 (11.0) | 22.17 (12.7) | |
| SDNN (ms) | 32.88 (11.8) | 32.61 (10.9) | 34.15 (11.8) | 33.57 (13.7) | 30.78 (11.0) | |
| Frequency Domain Indices of Autonomic Function | ||||||
| LFPln (ms2) | 5.28 (0.9) | 5.30 (0.9) | 5.41 (0.9) | 5.27 (1.0) | 5.09 (0.9) | |
| VLFPln (ms2) | 4.60 (0.8) | 4.63 (0.8) | 4.63 (0.8) | 4.60 (1.0) | 4.53 (0.8) | |
| HFPln (ms2) | 5.14 (1.1) | 5.22 (0.9) | 5.19 (1.1) | 5.02 (1.3) | 5.06 (1.0) | |
| TotalPln (ms2) | 6.26 (0.9) | 6.28 (0.8) | 6.35 (0.9) | 6.26 (0.9) | 6.11 (0.8) | |
| Medication history (%) | ||||||
| Antihypertensive | 30 | 24 | 25 | 36 | 33 | |
| Thyroid | 16 | 18 | 10 | 16 | 20 | |
| Antidepressant | 21 | 19 | 21 | 21 | 22 | |
| Hyperlipidemic | 16 | 17 | 20 | 15 | 12 | |
| HRT | 48 | 50 | 47 | 46 | 49 | |
| Smoking (%) | ||||||
| Never | 57 | 54 | 61 | 60 | 53 | |
| Past | 37 | 41 | 35 | 35 | 39 | |
| Current | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 8 | |
Abbreviations: LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HRT, hormone replacement therapy
*
To convert LDL-C and HDL-C to mmol/L multiply by 0.0259