TABLE 9.

Clean-contaminated abdominal surgeries for which antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated

Colorectal surgery

Elective colon resection, low-anterior resection of the rectum and abdominal perineal resection of the rectum also require a specific colon preparation to empty the bowel contents and reduce the amount of microorganisms

Appendectomy

Perforated, gangrenous or necrotizing appendicitis

Esophageal surgery

If obstruction is present

Sclerotherapy of esophageal varices

Esophageal dilation

High-risk gastroduodenal surgery

Situations in which gastric acidity is decreased

Cancer, active bleeding

Decreased gastroduodenal motility (obstruction, obesity)

Small-intestine surgery

High-risk biliary tract surgery

Age >70 years, diabetes, obesity

Acute cholecystitis, cholelithiasis or obstructive jaundice

Nonfunctional gallbladder (excluding nonurgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in low-risk patients)

Open biliary tract surgery