Table 2.

Baseline characteristics related to smoking and fruits and vegetables consumption by education, sex, and geographic region in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort (N=391,251)

Characteristic	Men Education level*				Women Education level*
	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4
Percentage of never smokers
All	27	31	38	41	61	47	48	55
North†	27	33	46	45	42	46	49	58
Germany	27	28	29	39	62	54	52	56
South‡	28	25	26	32	74	49	46	45
Percentage of current smokers
All	35	31	28	23	23	26	25	18
North†	34	30	24	22	32	26	23	15
Germany	29	28	30	20	19	20	19	15
South‡	38	40	35	34	17	30	32	32
No. of cigarettes smoked per day (among current smokers)
All	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	12
North†	13	13	12	11	13	13	12	11
Germany	18	17	17	14	14	13	12	11
South‡	17	18	18	17	13	14	14	13
Duration of smoking, y (among ever smokers)
All	29	25	23	22	25	22	20	18
North†	29	25	22	23	27	23	20	17
Germany	25	23	23	21	23	18	17	16
South‡	29	23	23	23	21	21	21	20
Fruit and vegetable consumption, median, g/d§
All	446	360	396	401	482	385	436	472
North†	286	320	302	374	348	390	382	460
Germany	228	233	241	247	269	279	289	289
South ‡	660	663	597	735	614	564	634	681

^*The coding for education is as follows: 1=primary education or less, 2=vocational secondary education, 3=other secondary education, 4=college or university.

^†Norway, Sweden, Denmark, UK, and The Netherlands.

^‡Greece, Italy, and Spain.

^§Observed consumption.