Table 2. Adjusted geometric mean hormone levels by frequency of analgesic use in 1990 among postmenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study*.
| Frequency of use (days/mo)† | Percent difference‡ | p -value for trend§ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 0 | 1-4 | 5-14 | 15+ | |||
| Aspirin | |||||||
| Maximum N | 638 | 300 | 139 | 69 | 130 | ||
| Estradiol, pg/mL | 617 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 7.0 | 6.6 | -3.6 | 0.37 |
| Free estradiol, pg/mL | 588 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.09 | -2.7 | 0.45 |
| Estrone, pg/mL | 485 | 24.1 | 24.7 | 24.2 | 26.5 | 10.1 | 0.11 |
| Estrone sulfate, pg/mL | 616 | 203 | 211 | 234 | 194 | -4.5 | 0.51 |
| Testosterone, ng/dL | 621 | 21.4 | 22.0 | 20.5 | 22.0 | 2.8 | 0.77 |
| Free testosterone, ng/dL | 606 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 5.9 | 0.76 |
| Androstenedione, ng/dL | 484 | 54.4 | 56.0 | 52.3 | 61.3 | 12.8 | 0.11 |
| Ratio of estrone/androstenedione | 462 | 0.47 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.30 | 0.85 |
| Ratio of estradiol/testosterone | 588 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.33 | -2.7 | 0.24 |
| Non-aspirin NSAIDs | |||||||
| Maximum N | 596 | 387 | 95 | 35 | 79 | ||
| Estradiol, pg/mL | 581 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 5.7 | 6.4 | -8.9 | 0.14 |
| Free estradiol, pg/mL | 553 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.09 | -11.4 | 0.12 |
| Estrone, pg/mL | 464 | 24.8 | 23.8 | 21.3 | 24.0 | -3.1 | 0.66 |
| Estrone sulfate, pg/mL | 573 | 207 | 230 | 176 | 183 | -11.3 | 0.12 |
| Testosterone, ng/dL | 579 | 21.5 | 22.5 | 19.9 | 19.8 | -7.8 | 0.18 |
| Free testosterone, ng/dL | 564 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.18 | -12.1 | 0.09 |
| Androstenedione, ng/dL | 462 | 55.1 | 57.2 | 53.0 | 51.4 | -6.8 | 0.34 |
| Ratio of estrone/androstenedione | 443 | 0.49 | 0.45 | 0.44 | 0.47 | -1.1 | 0.84 |
| Ratio of estradiol/testosterone | 551 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.31 | 0.34 | -1.7 | 0.44 |
| Acetaminophen | |||||||
| Maximum N | 606 | 339 | 162 | 47 | 58 | ||
| Estradiol, pg/mL | 588 | 7.2 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 6.4 | -9.9 | 0.23 |
| Free estradiol, pg/mL | 558 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.09 | -7.9 | 0.47 |
| Estrone, pg/mL | 472 | 24.9 | 25.4 | 24.2 | 22.7 | -8.9 | 0.19 |
| Estrone sulfate, pg/mL | 583 | 213 | 213 | 176 | 190 | -10.8 | 0.14 |
| Testosterone, ng/dL | 589 | 21.0 | 21.3 | 22.3 | 21.7 | 3.7 | 0.55 |
| Free testosterone, ng/dL | 572 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 5.2 | 0.44 |
| Androstenedione, ng/dL | 471 | 54.4 | 57.6 | 58.6 | 53.0 | -2.7 | 0.79 |
| Ratio of estrone/androstenedione | 451 | 0.49 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.45 | -4.3 | 0.26 |
| Ratio of estradiol/testosterone | 559 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.34 | -3.2 | 0.18 |
*
Adjusted for age at blood draw, laboratory batch, fasting status at blood draw, date and time of blood draw, parity, age at first birth, BMI at blood draw, physical activity, smoking history, duration of postmenopausal hormone use among past users, age at menopause, alcohol intake, and frequency of use of other analgesics
†
Top two frequency categories (15-21 and ≥22 days/month) are combined, due to small number of women who reported 15-21 days of use per month
‡
Percent difference for highest versus lowest category of use (15+ vs. 0 days/month), calculated using (eβ-1)*100; no statistically significant differences
§
Weighted by the midpoint of each frequency category (0, 2.5, 9.5, or 23 days/month) and calculated using the Wald test