Table 1.
DNA repair capacity in embryonic, adult and mesenchymal stem versus differentiated cells.
| Stem cell system | DNA repair mechanism/enzyme | Higher | Similar | Lower | Remarks | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESC | ||||||
| Human ESC | Expression of double strand break repair genes | √ | Compared to human embryoid bodies and fibroblasts | [5] | ||
| Human ESC | Expression of BER genes | √ | Compared to human embryoid bodies and fibroblasts | [5] | ||
| Human ESC | Expression of NER genes | √ | Compared to human embryoid bodies and fibroblasts | [5] | ||
| Human ESC | Expression of antioxidant and DNA repair genes | √ | Compared to differentiated cells | [10] | ||
| Murine ESC | Expression of strand break repair genes | √ | Compared to differentiated cells | [1, 2] | ||
| Murine ESC | Expression of antioxidant and strand break repair genes | √ | Compared to differentiated cells | [13] | ||
| Murine ESC | NER | √ | Strong apoptosis | [16] | ||
| Murine ESC | NER | √ | Strong apoptosisS-phase delay | [17] | ||
| Murine ESC | MGMTMMR | √ | Compared to differentiated cells Highly sensitive to methylation damageStrong apoptosis | [14] | ||
| ASC | ||||||
| Human CD34+ 38− hematopoietic stem cells | Removal of ENU or melphalan-induced DNA adducts | √ | Compared to progenitor or mature cellsResistant to DNA-reactive drugs | [20] | ||
| Human CD34+ 38− hematopoietic stem cells | Resealing of strand breaks and repair gaps | √ | Compared to progenitor or mature cellsResistant to DNA-reactive drugs | [20] | ||
| Human CD 34+ hematopoietic stem cells | KU70 expression | √ | Negatively correlated with donor age | [21] | ||
| Human cells of the monocytic lineage | NER | √ | Compared to macrophages | [22] | ||
| Human neural precursors | NER | √ | Compared to neurons | [23, 24] | ||
| Human cycling CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells | MGMTMMR | √ | Compared to mature CD34− cellsNormally sensitive to methylation damage | [25] | ||
| Murine neural precursors | √ | Sensitive to IR | [26] | |||
| Stem cells in the subventricular zone and oligodendrocyte precursor cells in rodent and human brain | √ | Sensitive to IR | [27] | |||
| Murine neural stem/progenitor cells | BER (OGG1) | √ | Compared to differentiated cells | [28] | ||
| Murine neural stem/progenitor cells | BER (NEIL3) | √ | Compared to differentiated cells | [29, 30] | ||
| Murine fetal hematopoietic cells | BER (DNA pol β) | √ | Compared to adult hematopoietic cellsLow point mutation frequency | [31] | ||
| Murine myoblasts | BER (DNA ligase I and XRCC1) | √ | Compared to myotubes | [32] | ||
| Murine keratinocytes | NER | √ | [33] | |||
| MSC | ||||||
| Human fetal MSC | DNA repair gene expression | √ | Compared to adult MSC | [34] | ||
| Human MSC from bone marrow transplantation patients | DSB repair | √ | Compared to lung or breast cancer cellsResistant to IR | [35] | ||
| Human MSC obtained from bone marrow transplantation patients | ROS-scavenging capacity | √ | Resistant to IR | [35] | ||
| Human MSC | Single and double-strand break repair | √ | Resistant to IRHigh telomerase activity | [36] | ||
| Rat MSC | DNA repair gene expression | √ | Compared to senescent MSC | [9] | ||